Weakness (CWE)
CWE-94: Improper Control of Generation of Code
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
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Architecture and Design
Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
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Testing
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Operation
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
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Implementation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
Source: MITRE CWE-94
5,297 results · Feed
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online add_new_customer cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /inventory/add_new_customer. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made availabl…
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Medium 5.7
CosyVoice thru commit 6e01309e01bc93bbeb83bdd996b1182a81aaf11e (2025-30-21) contains an insecure deserialization vulner…
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High 7.3
flash-attention contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability in its checkpoint loading mechanism
The flash-attention training framework thru commit e724e2588cbe754beb97cf7c011b5e7e34119e62 (2025-13-04) contains an insecure deserialization vulnerability (CWE-502) in its checkpoint loading mechanism. The load_checkpoint() function in checkpoint.py and the …
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High 7.3
CosyVoice thru commit 6e01309e01bc93bbeb83bdd996b1182a81aaf11e (2025-30-21) contains an insecure deserialization vulner…
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High 7.3
An issue in QuickJS-NG v.0.12.1 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the js_mapped_arguments_mark function
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online sales_save cross site scripting
A security flaw has been discovered in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /inventory/sales_save. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. …
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online purchase_save cross site scripting
A vulnerability was identified in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /inventory/purchase_save. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to initiate the attack remote…
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High 8.8
Evolution CMS 3.1.6 Authenticated Remote Code Execution via Module Creation
Evolution CMS 3.1.6 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated users with module creation permissions to execute arbitrary system commands by injecting PHP code into module parameters. Attackers can send POST requests to /manager…
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High 8.8
ImpressCMS 1.4.2 Remote Code Execution via Autotasks
ImpressCMS 1.4.2 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in the autotasks administrative interface that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by injecting malicious code into the sat_code parameter. Attackers can authenticate, su…
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High 8.8
Sentry 8.2.0 Remote Code Execution via Pickle Deserialization
Sentry 8.2.0 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows authenticated superusers to execute arbitrary commands by injecting malicious pickle-serialized objects through the audit log entry data parameter. Attackers can submit crafted POST reque…
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High 8.8
Aero CMS 0.0.1 PHP Code Injection via posts.php
Aero CMS 0.0.1 contains a PHP code injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by uploading malicious files through the image parameter. Attackers can upload PHP files with embedded code to the admin posts.php end…
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online item-save cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /inventory/item-save. This manipulation causes cross site scripting. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published an…
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online customer-save cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. This affects an unknown function of the file /inventory/customer-save. The manipulation results in cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may…
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online supplier-save cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /inventory/supplier-save. The manipulation leads to cross site scripting. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. …
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Low 2.4
Devs Palace ERP Online purchase_return_save cross site scripting
A weakness has been identified in Devs Palace ERP Online up to 4.0.0. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /inventory/purchase_return_save. Executing a manipulation can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The …
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Medium 4.7
codelibs Fess JSP File AdminDesignAction.java update code injection
A vulnerability was detected in codelibs Fess up to 15.5.1. Affected by this issue is the function update of the file org/codelibs/fess/app/web/admin/design/AdminDesignAction.java of the component JSP File Handler. The manipulation of the argument content res…
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Medium 4.3
JeecgBoot SVG File CommonController.java cross site scripting
A vulnerability was detected in JeecgBoot up to 3.9.1. The affected element is an unknown function of the file jeecg-module-system/jeecg-system-biz/src/main/java/org/jeecg/modules/system/controller/CommonController.java of the component SVG File Handler. The …
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High 7.8
Improper Input Validation leading to Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in pyp2spec
pyp2spec generates working Fedora RPM spec file for Python projects. Prior to version 0.14.1, pyp2spec was writing PyPI package metadata (e.g. the summary field) into the generated spec file without escaping RPM macro directives. When a packager then runs rpm…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-42298 Public exploit
Postiz: Arbitrary Code Execution and Token Exfiltration in pr-docker-build.yml via untrusted Dockerfile.dev
Postiz is an AI social media scheduling tool. Prior to commit da44801, a "Pwn Request" vulnerability in the Build and Publish PR Docker Image workflow (.github/workflows/pr-docker-build.yml) allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code during the…
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High 8.9
Ray: Remote Code Execution via Parquet Arrow Extension Type Deserialization
Ray is an AI compute engine. From version 2.54.0 to before version 2.55.0, Ray Data registers custom Arrow extension types (ray.data.arrow_tensor, ray.data.arrow_tensor_v2, ray.data.arrow_variable_shaped_tensor) globally in PyArrow. When PyArrow reads a Parqu…
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Medium 5.3
Insufficient input validation of the `plugin` parameter of the `create_user` plugin allows arbitrary Perl code executio…
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Critical 9.9
Remote code execution via JavaScript injection in `BrowserAutomation::PlaywrightService`
ai-scanner is an AI model safety scanner built on NVIDIA garak. From version 1.0.0 to before version 1.4.1, there is a remote code execution vulnerability via JavaScript injection in `BrowserAutomation::PlaywrightService`. This issue has been patched in versi…
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Critical 9.8
Remote Code Execution (RCE) via String Literal Injection into math-codegen
math-codegen generates code from mathematical expressions. Prior to version 0.4.3, string literal content passed to cg.parse() is injected verbatim into a new Function() body without sanitization. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary system commands w…
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Critical 9.4
PraisonAI MCP `tools/call` path-traversal and RCE via Python `.pth` injection
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. Prior to version 4.6.34, PraisonAI's MCP (Model Context Protocol) server (praisonai mcp serve) registers four file-handling tools by default — praisonai.rules.create, praisonai.rules.show, praisonai.rules.delete, and p…
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High 8.4
PraisonAI: Unauthenticated RCE via `tool_override.py`
PraisonAI is a multi-agent teams system. From version 4.5.139 to before version 4.6.32, CVE-2026-40287's fix gated tools.py auto-import behind PRAISONAI_ALLOW_LOCAL_TOOLS=true in two files (tool_resolver.py, api/call.py). A third import sink in praisonai/temp…
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High 8.8
Apache CloudStack: Unauthenticated Command Injection in Direct Download Templates
Account users are allowed by default to register templates to be downloaded directly to the primary storage for deploying instances using the KVM hypervisor. Due to missing file name sanitization, an attacker can register malicious templates to execute arbitr…
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Low 2.4
SourceCodester Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System index.php users cross site scripting
A flaw has been found in SourceCodester Pharmacy Sales and Inventory System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /index.php?page=users. Executing a manipulation of the argument Name can lead to cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotel…
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High 8.6CVE-2026-42203 Public exploit
LiteLLM: Server-Side Template Injection in /prompts/test endpoint
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.80.5 to before version 1.83.7, the POST /prompts/test endpoint accepted user-supplied prompt templates and rendered them without sandboxing. A crafted templat…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-41900 Public exploit
OpenLearnX has Critical Remote Code Execution Through Python Sandbox Escape via Code Execution Environment
OpenLearnX is an open-source, decentralized learning and assessment platform. Prior to version 2.0.3, a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability was identified in the OpenLearnX code execution environment, allowing sandbox escape and arbitrary command execut…
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Medium 5.3
Nuclei: Environment variable disclosure via Response-Derived DSL Expressions
Nuclei is a vulnerability scanner built on a simple YAML-based DSL. From version 3.0.0 to before version 3.8.0, a vulnerability in Nuclei's expression evaluation engine makes it possible for a malicious target server to inject and execute supported DSL expres…
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Critical 9.4
electerm: dangerous code can be run through links or command line
electerm is an open-sourced terminal/ssh/sftp/telnet/serialport/RDP/VNC/Spice/ftp client. From versions 3.0.6 to before 3.8.15, electerm is vulnerable to arbitrary local code execution via deep links, CLI --opts, or crafted shortcuts. Exploit requires clickin…
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High 7.3
A SSTI (server side template injection) vulnerability in the custom template export function in yeti-platform yeti befo…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2025-67887 Public exploit
1C-Bitrix through 25.100.500 allows Remote Code Execution because an actor with SOURCE/WRITE permissions for the Transl…
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Medium 4.3
SourceCodester Pizzafy Ecommerce System index.php cross site scripting
A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester Pizzafy Ecommerce System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /admin/index.php. Such manipulation of the argument page leads to cross site scripting. The attack may be launche…
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Medium 4.7
i18nextify is vulnerable to DOM XSS via javascript:/data: URL schemes in translated href/src attributes
i18nextify is a JavaScript library that adds website internationalization via a script tag, without source code changes. Versions prior to 4.0.8 substitute {{key}} interpolation tokens inside src and href attribute values with the raw string returned by i18ne…
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High 7.8
GitPython: Newline injection in config_writer().set_value() enables RCE via core.hooksPath
GitPython is a python library used to interact with Git repositories. Prior to version 3.1.49, GitConfigParser.set_value() passes values to Python's configparser without validating for newlines. GitPython's own _write() converts embedded newlines into indente…
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High 7.8
Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in dail8859/NotepadNext
Notepad Next is a cross-platform, reimplementation of Notepad++. Prior to version 0.14, NotepadNext's detectLanguageFromExtension() function interpolates a file's extension directly into a Lua script without sanitization. An attacker can craft a filename whos…
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Critical 9.8
Other issue in the WebRTC component
Other issue in the WebRTC component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox ESR 140.10.2 and Thunderbird 140.10.2.
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High 8.3
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Hitachi Storage Navigator and the maintenance console
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Hitachi Storage Navigator and the maintenance console in Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform G130, G150, G350, G370, G700, G900, F350, F370, F700, F900, Hitachi Virtual Storage Platform E390, E590, E790, E990, E1090, E390H,…
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High 8.8
Unsafe array index getter in mathjs
Math.js is an extensive math library for JavaScript and Node.js. From version 13.1.0 to before version 15.2.0, arbitrary JavaScript can be executed via the expression parser of mathjs. This issue has been patched in version 15.2.0.