Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
770 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
OGRECave Ogre OgreSTBICodec.cpp encode mismatched memory management routines
A weakness has been identified in OGRECave Ogre up to 14.4.1. Impacted is the function STBIImageCodec::encode of the file /ogre/PlugIns/STBICodec/src/OgreSTBICodec.cpp. This manipulation causes mismatched memory management routines. The attack is restricted t…
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Medium 5.3
OGRECave Ogre Image OgreSTBICodec.cpp encode heap-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in OGRECave Ogre up to 14.4.1. This issue affects the function STBIImageCodec::encode of the file /ogre/PlugIns/STBICodec/src/OgreSTBICodec.cpp of the component Image Handler. The manipulation results in heap-based buffer o…
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Medium 5.3
BehaviorTree Diagnostic Message script_parser.cpp ParseScript stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in BehaviorTree up to 4.7.0. This affects the function ParseScript of the file /src/script_parser.cpp of the component Diagnostic Message Handler. Executing manipulation of the argument error_msgs_buffer can lead to stack-based …
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Medium 5.3
vstakhov libucl ucl_util.c ucl_include_common heap-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in vstakhov libucl up to 0.9.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ucl_include_common of the file /src/ucl_util.c. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this atta…
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Medium 5.3
Open Babel chemkinformat.cpp CheckSpecies heap-based overflow
A flaw has been found in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. Impacted is the function ChemKinFormat::CheckSpecies of the file /src/formats/chemkinformat.cpp. Executing manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be executed locally. The explo…
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Medium 5.3
Open Babel smilesformat.cpp ParseSmiles heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. This issue affects the function OBSmilesParser::ParseSmiles of the file /src/formats/smilesformat.cpp. Performing manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The attack needs to be approached loc…
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Medium 5.3
Open Babel zipstreamimpl.h underflow memory corruption
A security vulnerability has been detected in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. This vulnerability affects the function zlib_stream::basic_unzip_streambuf::underflow in the library /src/zipstreamimpl.h. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. Local access is requ…
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Medium 5.3
Open Babel gamessformat.cpp ReadMolecule use after free
A weakness has been identified in Open Babel up to 3.1.1. This affects the function GAMESSOutputFormat::ReadMolecule of the file gamessformat.cpp. This manipulation causes use after free. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has …
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Medium 5.3
axboe fio init.c __parse_jobs_ini use after free
A vulnerability was determined in axboe fio up to 3.41. This impacts the function __parse_jobs_ini of the file init.c. Executing manipulation can lead to use after free. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may …
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Medium 6.7
Buffer manipulation
A crafted system call argument can cause memory corruption.
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26, iOS 26 and iPadOS 26, macOS Ta…
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Medium 5.3
Improper restriction of operations in the IOMMU could allow a malicious hypervisor to access guest private memory resul…
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Medium 5.3
DCMTK dcm2img diybrpxt.h memory corruption
A vulnerability was identified in DCMTK up to 3.6.9. This affects an unknown function in the library dcmimage/include/dcmtk/dcmimage/diybrpxt.h of the component dcm2img. Such manipulation leads to memory corruption. Local access is required to approach this a…
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Medium 5.3
PoDoFo PDF Dictionary PdfTokenizer.cpp DetermineDataType use after free
A flaw has been found in PoDoFo 1.1.0-dev. This issue affects the function PdfTokenizer::DetermineDataType of the file src/podofo/main/PdfTokenizer.cpp of the component PDF Dictionary Parser. Executing manipulation can lead to use after free. It is possible t…
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Medium 5.3
vim xxd xxd.c main buffer overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in vim up to 9.1.1615. Affected by this vulnerability is the function main of the file src/xxd/xxd.c of the component xxd. The manipulation results in buffer overflow. The attack requires a local approach. The exploit has b…
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Medium 5.3
appneta tcpreplay tcprewrite get.c get_l2len_protocol use after free
A vulnerability has been found in appneta tcpreplay up to 4.5.1. The impacted element is the function get_l2len_protocol of the file get.c of the component tcprewrite. Such manipulation leads to use after free. The attack must be carried out locally. The expl…
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Medium 5.3
appneta tcpreplay tcprewrite edit_packet.c fix_ipv6_checksums use after free
A flaw has been found in appneta tcpreplay up to 4.5.1. The affected element is the function fix_ipv6_checksums of the file edit_packet.c of the component tcprewrite. This manipulation causes use after free. The attack is restricted to local execution. The ex…
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Medium 6.3
Linksys RE6250/RE6300/RE6350/RE6500/RE7000/RE9000 urlFilterManageRule stack-based overflow
A flaw has been found in Linksys RE6250, RE6300, RE6350, RE6500, RE7000 and RE9000 1.0.013.001/1.0.04.001/1.0.04.002/1.1.05.003/1.2.07.001. The impacted element is the function urlFilterManageRule of the file /goform/urlFilterManageRule. Executing manipulatio…
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Medium 5.3
saitoha libsixel img2sixel encoder.c sixel_debug_print_palette stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in saitoha libsixel up to 1.10.3. Affected by this issue is the function sixel_debug_print_palette of the file src/encoder.c of the component img2sixel. The manipulation results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack must be init…
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Medium 5.3
neurobin shc shc.c make stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in neurobin shc up to 4.0.3. This issue affects the function make of the file src/shc.c. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can only be performed from a local environment. The exploit is publicly a…
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Medium 5.3
appneta tcpreplay tcprewrite edit_packet.c untrunc_packet use after free
A vulnerability was determined in appneta tcpreplay up to 4.5.2-beta2. The impacted element is the function untrunc_packet of the file src/tcpedit/edit_packet.c of the component tcprewrite. Executing manipulation can lead to use after free. It is possible to …
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Medium 5.3
libretro RetroArch file_stream.c filestream_vscanf out-of-bounds
A flaw has been found in libretro RetroArch 1.18.0/1.19.0/1.20.0. This affects the function filestream_vscanf of the file libretro-common/streams/file_stream.c. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack needs to be launched locally. Upgrading to…
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Medium 4.5
PX4 PX4-Autopilot Mavlink Shell Closing mavlink_receiver.cpp handle_message_serial_control use after free
A vulnerability was found in PX4 PX4-Autopilot up to 1.15.4. This issue affects the function MavlinkReceiver::handle_message_serial_control of the file src/modules/mavlink/mavlink_receiver.cpp of the component Mavlink Shell Closing Handler. The manipulation o…
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Medium 5.3
LemonOS HTTP Client main.cpp HTTPGet stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in LemonOS up to nightly-2024-07-12 on LemonOS. Affected by this issue is the function HTTPGet of the file /Applications/Steal/main.cpp of the component HTTP Client. The manipulation of the argument chunkSize leads to stack-base…
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Medium 5.3
code-projects Hostel Management System Login Form hostel_manage.exe stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Hostel Management System 1.0. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file hostel_manage.exe of the component Login Form. The manipulation of the argument uname leads to stack-based buffer o…
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Medium 5.1
slab allows out-of-bounds access in `get_disjoint_mut` due to incorrect bounds check
slab is a pre-allocated storage for a uniform data type. In version 0.4.10, the get_disjoint_mut method incorrectly checked if indices were within the slab's capacity instead of its length, allowing access to uninitialized memory. This could lead to undefined…
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Medium 5.3
LibTIFF tiffcrop tiffcrop.c readSeparateStripsetoBuffer stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in LibTIFF up to 4.5.1. Affected by this issue is the function readSeparateStripsetoBuffer of the file tools/tiffcrop.c of the component tiffcrop. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required t…
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Medium 5.3
NASM Netwide Assember parser.c parse_line stack-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in NASM Netwide Assember 2.17rc0. Affected is the function parse_line of the file parser.c. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the …
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Medium 5.3
NASM Netwide Assember nasm.c assemble_file stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in NASM Netwide Assember 2.17rc0. This issue affects the function assemble_file of the file nasm.c. The manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. The exploit has be…
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Medium 5.3
NASM Netwide Assember outmacho.c macho_no_dead_strip heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in NASM Netwide Assember 2.17rc0. This affects the function macho_no_dead_strip of the file outmacho.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this attack. The exploit has been disc…
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Medium 5.3
NASM Netwide Assember preproc.c do_directive use after free
A vulnerability has been found in NASM Netwide Assember 2.17rc0. Affected by this issue is the function do_directive of the file preproc.c. The manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the…
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Medium 5.3
JasPer JPEG2000 File jpc_dec.c jpc_dec_dump use after free
A vulnerability was identified in JasPer up to 4.2.5. This affects the function jpc_dec_dump of the file src/libjasper/jpc/jpc_dec.c of the component JPEG2000 File Handler. The manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The …
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Medium 5.3
GNU cflow Lexer c.c yylex buffer overflow
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in GNU cflow up to 1.8. Affected by this issue is the function yylex of the file c.c of the component Lexer. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. Local access is required to approach this…
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Medium 5.3
libav DSS File Demuxer avconv.c main double free
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in libav up to 12.3. Affected by this issue is the function main of the file /avtools/avconv.c of the component DSS File Demuxer. The manipulation leads to double free. Attacking locally is a r…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.6, iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, ma…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.6, iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, ma…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 18.6, iOS 18.6 and iPadOS 18.6, ma…
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Medium 6.9
TP-Link TL-WR841N Wan6to4TunnelCfgRpm.htm buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link TL-WR841N V11. The vulnerability exists in the /userRpm/Wan6to4TunnelCfgRpm.htm file due to missing input parameter validation, which may lead to the buffer overflow to cause a crash of the web service and result in a…
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Medium 6.9
TP-Link TL-WR841N WzdWlanSiteSurveyRpm_AP.htm buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link TL-WR841N V11. The vulnerability exists in the /userRpm/WzdWlanSiteSurveyRpm_AP.htm file due to missing input parameter validation, which may lead to the buffer overflow to cause a crash of the web service and result …
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Medium 6.9
TP-Link TL-WR841N WlanNetworkRpm_APC.htm buffer overflow
A vulnerability has been found in TP-Link TL-WR841N V11. The vulnerability exists in the /userRpm/WlanNetworkRpm_APC.htm file due to missing input parameter validation, which may lead to the buffer overflow to cause a crash of the web service and result in a …