Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
769 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
wasm3 m3_exec.h op_CallIndirect memory corruption
A vulnerability was detected in wasm3 up to 0.5.0. Impacted is the function op_SetSlot_i32/op_CallIndirect of the file m3_exec.h. Performing a manipulation results in memory corruption. The attack needs to be approached locally. The exploit is now public and …
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Medium 5.3
WebAssembly wabt wasm-decompile VarName out-of-bounds
A security vulnerability has been detected in WebAssembly wabt up to 1.0.39. This issue affects the function wabt::Decompiler::VarName of the file /src/repro/wabt/bin/wasm-decompile of the component wasm-decompile. Such manipulation leads to out-of-bounds rea…
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Medium 5.3
WebAssembly wabt wasm-decompile InsertNode memory corruption
A weakness has been identified in WebAssembly wabt up to 1.0.39. This vulnerability affects the function wabt::AST::InsertNode of the file /src/repro/wabt/bin/wasm-decompile of the component wasm-decompile. This manipulation causes memory corruption. It is po…
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Medium 5.3
floooh sokol sokol_gfx.h _sg_pipeline_desc_defaults stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in floooh sokol up to 16cbcc864012898793cd2bc57f802499a264ea40. The impacted element is the function _sg_pipeline_desc_defaults in the library sokol_gfx.h. The manipulation results in stack-based buffer overflow. The attack requir…
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Medium 5.3
PX4 PX4-Autopilot mavlink_log_handler.cpp log_entry_from_id stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in PX4 PX4-Autopilot up to 1.16.0. Affected by this issue is the function MavlinkLogHandler::state_listing/MavlinkLogHandler::log_entry_from_id of the file src/modules/mavlink/mavlink_log_handler.cpp. The manipulation results in stac…
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Medium —
ruint affected by unsoundness of safe `reciprocal_mg10`
The function `reciprocal_mg10` is marked as safe but can trigger undefined behavior (out-of-bounds access) because it relies on `debug_assert!` for safety checks instead of `assert!`. When compiled in release mode, the `debug_assert!` is optimized out, potent…
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Medium 5.3
floooh sokol sokol_gfx.h _sg_validate_pipeline_desc stack-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in floooh sokol up to 5d11344150973f15e16d3ec4ee7550a73fb995e0. The impacted element is the function _sg_validate_pipeline_desc in the library sokol_gfx.h. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack must …
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Medium 5.3
floooh sokol sokol_gfx.h _sg_pipeline_common_init heap-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in floooh sokol up to 33e2271c431bf21de001e972f72da17a984da932. This vulnerability affects the function _sg_pipeline_common_init in the library sokol_gfx.h. Performing manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. The…
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Medium 5.3
WebAssembly Binaryen wasm-binary.cpp readExport heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was determined in WebAssembly Binaryen up to 125. Affected by this issue is the function WasmBinaryReader::readExport of the file src/wasm/wasm-binary.cpp. This manipulation causes heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attac…
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Medium 6.3
OFFIS DCMTK dcmdata dcbytstr.cc makeDicomByteString memory corruption
A vulnerability was detected in OFFIS DCMTK up to 3.6.9. Affected by this issue is the function DcmByteString::makeDicomByteString of the file dcmdata/libsrc/dcbytstr.cc of the component dcmdata. The manipulation results in memory corruption. The attack can b…
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Medium 5.3
ggml-org whisper.cpp common-whisper.cpp read_audio_data use after free
A vulnerability was detected in ggml-org whisper.cpp up to 1.8.2. Affected is the function read_audio_data of the file /whisper.cpp/examples/common-whisper.cpp. The manipulation results in use after free. The attack requires a local approach. The exploit is n…
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Medium 6.5
UTT 进取 520W websHostFilter strcpy buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in UTT 进取 520W 1.7.7-180627. The affected element is the function strcpy of the file /goform/websHostFilter. Performing manipulation of the argument addHostFilter results in buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried ou…
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Medium 5.7
UTT 进取 520W formConfigDnsFilterGlobal strcpy buffer overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in UTT 进取 520W 1.7.7-180627. Impacted is the function strcpy of the file /goform/formConfigDnsFilterGlobal. Such manipulation of the argument timeRangeName leads to buffer overflow. The exploit has been disclosed pub…
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Medium 5.3
An issue was discovered in Samsung Mobile Processor, Wearable Processor, and Modem Exynos 980, 990, 850, 2100, 1280, 22…
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Medium 5.1
WebAssembly Micro Runtime frame_offset_bottom array bounds overflow in fast Interpreter mode when handling GET_GLOBAL(I32) followed by if opcode
WebAssembly Micro Runtime (WAMR) is a lightweight standalone WebAssembly (Wasm) runtime. Prior to version 2.4.4, an out-of-bounds array access issue exists in WAMR's fast interpreter mode during WASM bytecode loading. When frame_ref_bottom and frame_offset_bo…
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Medium 4.4
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause unexpected memory buffe…
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Medium 5.3
mruby array.c sort_cmp use after free
A vulnerability has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function sort_cmp of the file src/array.c. Such manipulation leads to use after free. An attack has to be approached locally. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and …
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Medium 5.3
mruby array.c ary_fill_exec out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in mruby 3.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function ary_fill_exec of the file mrbgems/mruby-array-ext/src/array.c. Executing a manipulation of the argument start/length can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack needs to be…
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Medium 5.3
QuickJS quickjs.c js_array_buffer_slice buffer over-read
A weakness has been identified in QuickJS up to eb2c89087def1829ed99630cb14b549d7a98408c. This affects the function js_array_buffer_slice of the file quickjs.c. This manipulation causes buffer over-read. The attack is restricted to local execution. The exploi…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 4.9CVE-2025-43504 Public exploit
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Xcode 26.1. A user in a privilege…
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2, iOS 26.1 an…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadOS 18.7.2…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, macOS Tahoe 26.1.…
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Medium 4.3
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 18.7.2 and iPadO…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.1, iOS 26.1 and iPadOS 26.1, ma…
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Medium 4.7
ImageMagick CLAHE : Unsigned underflow and division-by-zero lead to OOB pointer arithmetic and process crash (DoS)
ImageMagick is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. ImageMagick versions prior to 7.1.2-8 are vulnerable to denial-of-service due to unsigned integer underflow and division-by-zero in the CLAHEImage function. When tile width or…
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Medium 5.3
Kamailio Configuration File cfg.lex sr_push_yy_state use after free
A vulnerability was detected in Kamailio 5.5. The affected element is the function sr_push_yy_state of the file src/core/cfg.lex of the component Configuration File Handler. The manipulation results in use after free. The attack must be initiated from a local…
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Medium 5.3
Kamailio Configuration File rvalue.c rve_destroy heap-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Kamailio 5.5. Impacted is the function rve_destroy of the file src/core/rvalue.c of the component Configuration File Handler. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be carried out lo…
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Medium 5.3
DCMTK dcmqrscp parseQuota stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in DCMTK up to 3.6.5. The affected element is the function parseQuota of the component dcmqrscp. The manipulation of the argument StorageQuota leads to stack-based buffer overflow. Local access is required to approac…
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Medium 4.5
bftpd Configuration File options.c expand_groups heap-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in bftpd up to 6.2. Impacted is the function expand_groups of the file options.c of the component Configuration File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack o…
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Medium 6.5
YAML::Syck versions before 1.36 for Perl has missing Null-Terminators which causes Out-of-Bounds Read and potential Information Disclosure
YAML::Syck versions before 1.36 for Perl has missing null-terminators which causes out-of-bounds read and potential information disclosure Missing null terminators in token.c leads to but-of-bounds read which allows adjacent variable to be read The issue is s…
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Medium 5.8
exFat Memory Corruption Issue
APTIOV contains a vulnerability in BIOS where an attacker may cause an Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer by local means. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to memory corruption and impact Integrity and…
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Medium 5.3
Open Asset Import Library Assimp Q3DLoader.cpp InternReadFile heap-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in Open Asset Import Library Assimp 6.0.2. This affects the function Q3DImporter::InternReadFile of the file assimp/code/AssetLib/Q3D/Q3DLoader.cpp. Executing a manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack nee…
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Medium 5.3
Open Asset Import Library Assimp OpenDDLParserUtils.h getNextSeparator heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in Open Asset Import Library Assimp 6.0.2. Affected by this vulnerability is the function ODDLParser::getNextSeparator in the library assimp/contrib/openddlparser/include/openddlparser/OpenDDLParserUtils.h. Such manipulation lea…
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Medium 5.5
SPDK is vulnerable to buffer overflow in the NVMe-oF target component
Storage Performance Development Kit (SPDK) 25.05 is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the NVMe-oF target component in SPDK - lib/nvmf.
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Medium 5.3
GNU Binutils Linker elfcode.h elf_swap_shdr heap-based overflow
A vulnerability has been found in GNU Binutils 2.45. The affected element is the function elf_swap_shdr in the library bfd/elfcode.h of the component Linker. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be carried out locally. The exp…
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Medium 5.3
GNU Binutils Linker elf-eh-frame.c _bfd_elf_parse_eh_frame heap-based overflow
A flaw has been found in GNU Binutils 2.45. Impacted is the function _bfd_elf_parse_eh_frame of the file bfd/elf-eh-frame.c of the component Linker. Executing manipulation can lead to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack is restricted to local execution. Th…
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Medium 5.3
OGRECave Ogre OgreSTBICodec.cpp encode mismatched memory management routines
A weakness has been identified in OGRECave Ogre up to 14.4.1. Impacted is the function STBIImageCodec::encode of the file /ogre/PlugIns/STBICodec/src/OgreSTBICodec.cpp. This manipulation causes mismatched memory management routines. The attack is restricted t…