Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
769 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Medium 5.3
CodeAstro Food Ordering System food_ordering.exe stack-based overflow
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Medium 6.3
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 4.3
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 6.6
Wavlink WL-NU516U1 adm.cgi sub_40785C stack-based overflow
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
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A weakness has been identified in Open5GS up to 2.7.6. This issue affects the function sgwc_s5c_handle_create_session_response of the component SGW-C. Executing a manipulation can lead to memory corruption. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit…
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Medium 6.0
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 4.6
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, macOS Sequo…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.3, iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, macOS Tahoe 26.…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.3 an…
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Medium 6.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in Safari 26.3, iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3, ma…
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 5.7
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.5 and iPadOS 18.7.5, iOS 26.2 and …
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Medium 4.7
Improper buffer restrictions in the firmware for the TDX Module may allow an escalation of privilege. System software a…
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Medium 5.3
ckolivas lrzip stream.c lzma_decompress_buf use after free
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
mruby JMPNOT-to-JMPIF Optimization vm.c mrb_vm_exec use after free
A flaw has been found in mruby up to 3.4.0. This affects the function mrb_vm_exec of the file src/vm.c of the component JMPNOT-to-JMPIF Optimization. Executing a manipulation can lead to use after free. The attack needs to be launched locally. The exploit has…
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Medium 5.6
pymumu SmartDNS SVBC Record dns.c _dns_decode_SVCB_HTTPS stack-based overflow
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Medium 5.3
GPAC SRT Subtitle Import text_to_bifs.c gf_text_import_srt_bifs out-of-bounds write
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Medium 6.3
quickjs-ng quickjs quickjs.c js_typed_array_constructor_ta heap-based overflow
A flaw has been found in quickjs-ng quickjs up to 0.11.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function js_typed_array_constructor_ta of the file quickjs.c. This manipulation causes heap-based buffer overflow. The attack is possible to be carried out remotel…
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Medium 6.3
quickjs-ng quickjs Atomics Ops quickjs.c use after free
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 5.3
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A flaw has been found in cijliu librtsp up to 2ec1a81ad65280568a0c7c16420d7c10fde13b04. This affects the function rtsp_parse_method. This manipulation causes buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack on the local host. Continious delivery with roll…
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Medium 5.3
cijliu librtsp rtsp_parse_request buffer overflow
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Medium 5.3
cijliu librtsp rtsp_rely_dumps buffer overflow
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Medium 6.1
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Medium 5.3
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Medium 6.3
quickjs-ng quickjs quickjs.c js_typed_array_sort heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in quickjs-ng quickjs up to 0.11.0. This issue affects the function js_typed_array_sort of the file quickjs.c. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit is p…
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Medium 6.5
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Medium 6.5
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