Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
-
Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
-
Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
-
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,688 results · Feed
-
Critical 9.8
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Authentication Bypass in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PAPI protocol of AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to circumvent existing authentication controls. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to gain administrative access, modify syst…
-
Critical 10.0
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-10
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the affected interface of AOS-10 that could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating syst…
-
Critical 10.0
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-10
Buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the affected interface of AOS-10 could lead to unauthenticated remote code execution by sending specially crafted packets to the affected interface. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability results in the ability to exe…
-
Critical 10.0
TOTOLINK EX200 wireless.so cstecgi.cgi setWiFiAclAddConfig stack-based overflow
A weakness has been identified in TOTOLINK EX200 5.2.3c.7200. This impacts the function setWiFiAclAddConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component wireless.so. This manipulation of the argument macAddress causes stack-based buffer overflow. The att…
-
Critical 10.0
TOTOLINK EX200 lan.so cstecgi.cgi setStaticDhcpConfig stack-based overflow
A security flaw has been discovered in TOTOLINK EX200 5.2.3c.7200. This affects the function setStaticDhcpConfig of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component lan.so. The manipulation of the argument Comment results in stack-based buffer overflow. It is p…
-
Critical 9.9
Tenda BE3L Pro WifiBasicSet formWifiBasicSet buffer overflow
A flaw has been found in Tenda BE3L Pro 16.03.60.62. Affected by this vulnerability is the function formWifiBasicSet of the file /goform/WifiBasicSet. This manipulation of the argument security_5g causes buffer overflow. It is possible to initiate the attack …
-
Medium 5.8
Multiple Cisco Products Snort 3 Teredo Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability
Multiple Cisco products are affected by a vulnerability in the Snort 3 Teredo Detection Engine that could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the Snort 3 Detection Engine to restart, resulting in an interruption of packet inspection. This vulne…
-
Critical 10.0
Tenda AC19 httpd Web Management Service SetFirewallCfg formSetFirewallCfg stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in Tenda AC19 16.03.10.07. The impacted element is the function formSetFirewallCfg of the file /goform/SetFirewallCfg of the component httpd Web Management Service. Such manipulation of the argument firewallEn leads …
-
Medium 5.5
A segmentation violation in the GetESD function (/isomedia/track.c) of GPAC Project/MP4Box before 2.5 allows attackers …
-
High 8.8
Memory corruption in HID in Google Chrome prior to 156.0.8078.47 allowed a remote attacker to potentially execute arbit…
-
Medium 5.5
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved size validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequo…
-
Medium 5.5
A buffer overflow in the gf_ac4_parser_bs function (/media_tools/av_parsers.c) of GPAC Project/MP4Box before 2.5 allows…
-
Medium 6.5
H3C Magic NX15 usrlist sub_416874 stack-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in H3C Magic NX15 NX15V100R017. This impacts the function sub_416874 of the file /usr/bin/usrlist. Such manipulation leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has…
-
Medium 6.3
ztxz16 fastllm String Parsing gguf.cpp ReadString buffer overflow
A vulnerability was determined in ztxz16 fastllm up to 0.1.8.2. This impacts the function GGUFBuffer::ReadString of the file third_party/gguf/gguf.cpp of the component String Parsing. This manipulation of the argument len causes buffer overflow. The attack ca…
-
Medium 6.3
ztxz16 fastllm Safetensors Weight Loading model.cpp CreateBuffer buffer overflow
A flaw has been found in ztxz16 fastllm up to 1.8.2. Affected by this issue is the function SafeTensorItem::CreateBuffer of the file src/model.cpp of the component Safetensors Weight Loading. This manipulation of the argument data_offsets causes buffer overfl…
-
Medium 5.5
michaelrsweet mxml mxml-file.c mxml_load_data use after free
A security vulnerability has been detected in michaelrsweet mxml 4.0.5/4.0.6. This affects the function mxml_load_data of the file mxml-file.c. The manipulation leads to use after free. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been d…
-
Medium 6.3
Tencent ncnn MatMul matmul.cpp matmul_transb out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was identified in Tencent ncnn up to 44b02dabdcf97499281a4692ebd65bad73dcf8b6. Affected by this vulnerability is the function matmul_transb of the file src/layer/matmul.cpp of the component MatMul. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read.…
-
Medium 4.3
Artifex MuPDF Signature Locking pdf-xref.c free_char_list double free
A vulnerability was detected in Artifex MuPDF up to 1.28.5. This impacts the function free_char_list of the file source/pdf/pdf-xref.c of the component Signature Locking. Performing a manipulation results in double free. The attack may be initiated remotely. …
-
Medium 5.5
A segmentation violation in the dump_isom_saps function (/mp4box/filedump.c) of GPAC MP4Box v2.5-DEV-rev1672-gc9a31d0e1…
-
High 8.8
Memory corruption in Workers in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.84 allowed a remote attacker to potentially execute a…
-
Medium 4.3
Memory corruption in Core in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.84 allowed a remote attacker to read memory via a crafte…
-
Medium 4.3
Memory corruption in SVG in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.84 allowed a remote attacker to read memory via a crafted…
-
High 8.8
Memory corruption in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.84 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code ins…
-
High 8.8
Memory corruption in DOM in Google Chrome prior to 155.0.8059.84 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code in…
-
Critical 10.0CVE-2026-110958 Public exploit
Wavlink WN530HG4B api.cgi heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was found in Wavlink WN530HG4B M30HG4B_V260724. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file api.cgi. The manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been made pu…
-
High 8.3
Unitronics - CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in Unitronics Unitronics UniStream Pro/UniLogic. This issue affects Unitronics UniStream Pro/UniLogic: Unitronics UniStream Pro versions only (B10 / C10) – UniLogic versio…
-
Low 2.8
ggml-org whisper.cpp Model Loader whisper_model_load out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was detected in ggml-org whisper.cpp up to 1.9.4. This affects the function whisper_model_load of the file src/whisper.cpp of the component Model Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument ttype results in out-of-bounds read. The attack…
-
Medium 6.3
Praat Model Loader whisper.cpp whisper_model_load out-of-bounds write
A security vulnerability has been detected in Praat up to 7.0.02. Affected is the function whisper_model_load of the file external/whispercpp/whisper.cpp of the component Model Loader. The manipulation of the argument n_dims leads to out-of-bounds write. The …
-
Medium 6.3
turboderp ExLlamaV2 Safetensors Tensor Loader stloader.py STFile.get_tensor buffer overflow
A vulnerability was detected in turboderp ExLlamaV2 up to 0.3.2. Affected is the function STFile.get_tensor of the file exllamav2/stloader.py of the component Safetensors Tensor Loader. Performing a manipulation of the argument data_offsets results in buffer …
-
Medium 6.3
OAID Tengine tmfile Model Loader tm2_serializer.c get_tm_file_model out-of-bounds
A vulnerability has been found in OAID Tengine up to 1.12.0. This vulnerability affects the function get_tm_file_model of the file source/serializer/tmfile/tm2_serializer.c of the component tmfile Model Loader. Such manipulation of the argument offset_root le…
-
High 7.3
OpenSIPS rtpproxy rtpproxy_answer out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was determined in OpenSIPS up to 3.6.8/4.0.1. The impacted element is the function rtpproxy_offer/rtpproxy_answer of the component rtpproxy. This manipulation causes out-of-bounds read. The attack may be initiated remotely. Upgrading to versio…
-
High 8.3
PCMan FTP Server PORT buffer overflow
A vulnerability was found in PCMan FTP Server up to 2.0.7. This affects an unknown function of the component PORT Command Handler. The manipulation results in buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be …
-
Medium 6.3
GPAC AIT Parser ait.c gf_m2ts_decode_ait out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability has been found in GPAC up to 26.07.0. This vulnerability affects the function gf_m2ts_decode_ait of the file src/media_tools/ait.c of the component AIT Parser. Such manipulation leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack may be launched remotely…
-
Medium 5.5
Xenstore: Guests can crash xenstored during Live Update
During Xenstore live update the state record for a Xenstore watch with specified watch depth is written with two bytes missing. This results in an inconsistent state when reading the state back in the new Xenstore, causing a crash of Xenstore or wrong Xenstor…
-
High 8.8
Incorrect boundary conditions in the SVG component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the SVG component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.
-
High 8.1
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Editor component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the DOM: Editor component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.
-
Critical 9.6
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component
Sandbox escape due to incorrect boundary conditions in the Widget: Win32 component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.
-
Medium 5.4
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Canvas2D component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Graphics: Canvas2D component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.
-
Medium 5.4
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the Layout component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158 and Thunderbird 158.
-
Medium 5.4CVE-2026-109721 Public exploit
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component
Incorrect boundary conditions in the JavaScript Engine: JIT component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 158, Firefox ESR 153.5, Thunderbird 158, and Thunderbird 153.5.