Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,688 results · Feed
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Medium 5.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 an…
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Sequoia 15.…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-112688 Public exploit
A memory corruption issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7 and iPadOS 26.7,…
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2. An app may be abl…
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27, macOS Sequoia 15.8.…
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High 7.5
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Seq…
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High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2. A remote attacker…
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Medium 4.3
A buffer overflow was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Seq…
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High 8.2
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Ga…
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High 7.5
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27.2 an…
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Medium 4.3
The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iOS 27.2 and iPadOS 27.2, macOS Golden Gate 27.2, …
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Medium 6.1
A buffer overflow issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.…
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Medium 4.4
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.7.2 and iPadOS 26.7.2, iOS 27 and …
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Critical 9.1
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Golden Gate 27.2, macOS Tahoe 26.7.…
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Medium 4.4
turboderp-org ExLlamaV2 GPTQ Index q_matrix.cu make_sequential out-of-bounds write
A flaw has been found in turboderp-org ExLlamaV2 up to 0.3.2. The impacted element is the function QMatrix::make_sequential of the file exllamav2/exllamav2_ext/cuda/q_matrix.cu of the component GPTQ Index Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument g_id…
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Medium 6.3
FastStone Image Viewer Box-Average Downsampler FUN_0062d96c out-of-bounds
A vulnerability was identified in FastStone Image Viewer up to 8.5. Affected is the function FUN_0062d96c of the component Box-Average Downsampler Engine. The manipulation leads to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The vendor…
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Medium 5.4
libimobiledevice Web Inspector webinspector.c webinspector_receive_with_timeout heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was detected in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. The affected element is the function webinspector_receive_with_timeout of the file src/webinspector.c of the component Web Inspector. The manipulation results in heap-based buffer overflow. It is p…
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Low 3.5
libimobiledevice AFC File afc.c afc_file_open out-of-bounds
A security vulnerability has been detected in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. Impacted is the function afc_file_open of the file src/afc.c of the component AFC File Handler. The manipulation of the argument bytes leads to out-of-bounds read. It is possible to i…
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High 7.3
libimobiledevice AFC Service afc.c service_receive double free
A weakness has been identified in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. This issue affects the function service_receive of the file src/afc.c of the component AFC Service. Executing a manipulation can lead to double free. The attack may be performed from remote. The …
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Medium 5.3
libimobiledevice Device Info afc.c afc_get_device_info_key memory corruption
A security flaw has been discovered in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. This vulnerability affects the function afc_get_device_info_key of the file src/afc.c of the component Device Info Handler. Performing a manipulation of the argument Value results in memory …
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Medium 6.3
libimobiledevice AFC afc.c heap-based overflow
A vulnerability was identified in libimobiledevice up to 1.4.0. This affects an unknown part of the file src/afc.c of the component AFC. Such manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is publicly availa…
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Medium 6.3
GNOME libgsf OLE2 gsf-infile-msole.c ole_info_read_metabat heap-based overflow
A security vulnerability has been detected in GNOME libgsf up to 1.14.60. The impacted element is the function ole_info_read_metabat of the file gsf/gsf-infile-msole.c of the component OLE2 Parser. The manipulation leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The att…
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Medium 6.3
Fusion Creators Studio SCP Containment Breach Multiplayer Skynet++ Virtual Machine BlitzBanks out-of-bounds write
A flaw has been found in Fusion Creators Studio SCP Containment Breach Multiplayer up to 1.295. This issue affects the function BlitzBanks of the component Skynet++ Virtual Machine. Executing a manipulation can lead to out-of-bounds write. The attack can be e…
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Medium 5.3
ggml-org llama.cpp Pocket-TTS pockettts-gen.cpp list_pockettts_state_slots out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in ggml-org llama.cpp. Affected by this issue is the function list_pockettts_state_slots of the file tools/mtmd/models/pockettts-gen.cpp of the component Pocket-TTS. This manipulation of the argument mmproj causes out-of-bounds …
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Medium 5.3
Kakao khaiii JSON Config File Linear.cpp open out-of-bounds
A security flaw has been discovered in Kakao khaiii up to 0.4. The impacted element is the function khaiii::nn::Linear::open of the file src/main/cpp/khaiii/nn/Linear.cpp of the component JSON Config File Handler. The manipulation of the argument hidden_dim/c…
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Low 3.3
Authenticated Local Memory Corruption Vulnerability in AOS-8 Web-Based Management Interface
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the web-based management interface of AOS-8. Successful exploitation could allow an authenticated low privilege attacker with local access to view some system files and interrupt the normal operation of the affected…
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Medium 4.4
Authenticated Local Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in AOS-8 that could allow an authenticated attacker with administrative access to cause denial of service. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to crash the system, preventing it from rebooting without manual …
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Medium 6.8
Authenticated Adjacent Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-10
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the API of AOS-10 that could allow an authenticated adjacent attacker with high privileges to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged us…
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High 7.0
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8 Command Line Interface
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the command line interface of AOS-8. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected interface, along with limited access to or modif…
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High 7.1
Unauthenticated Adjacent Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-10 or AOS-8
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the underlying operating system of AOS-10 or AOS-8 and could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrup…
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High 7.2
Authenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability in the PAPI protocol of AOS-8 could allow an authenticated remote attacker with high privileges to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on…
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High 7.5
Unauthenticated Memory Corruption Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8
An unauthenticated memory corruption vulnerability exists in a service accessed via the PAPI protocol in AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrup…
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High 7.5
Unauthenticated Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities lead to Denial-of-Service in AOS-10
Memory corruption vulnerabilities in AOS-10 could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to conduct a denial of service attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected service.
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High 7.8
Authenticated Local Memory Corruption Vulnerability leads to Arbitrary Code Execution in AOS-8
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in AOS-8 that could allow an authenticated local attacker to execute arbitrary code. Successful exploitation could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying operating system.
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High 8.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-8
A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the command line interface of AOS-8 that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host if certain preconditions outside of the attacker's control are met. Successful e…
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High 8.1
Multiple Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow vulnerabilities in AOS-8 Web Interface result in Remote Code Execution
Vulnerabilities in multiple web interface endpoints of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow by using specially crafted requests. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands…
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High 8.1
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow allows Remote Code Execution in web interface
A vulnerability in a certain web interface endpoint of AOS-8 devices could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to trigger a buffer overflow. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system,…
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High 8.2
Unauthenticated Buffer Overflow Vulnerability leads to Denial-of-Service in AOS-8
An unauthenticated buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PAPI protocol of AOS-8. Successful exploitation could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to disrupt the availability of the affected service on the controller, with a limited impact to its i…
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High 8.8
Unauthenticated Adjacent Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities lead to Remote Code Execution in AOS-10
Memory corruption vulnerabilities in the affected interface of AOS-10 could lead to remote code execution by an unauthenticated adjacent attacker. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the underlying…
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Critical 9.6
Unauthenticated Adjacent Memory Corruption Vulnerability leads to Remote Code Execution in AOS-10
A memory corruption vulnerability in the affected interface of AOS-10 could allow an unauthenticated adjacent attacker to achieve remote code execution. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as a privileged user on the unde…