Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
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High 7.3
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in Gaussian coords_type orientation parser
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the Gaussian format orientation functionality of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to t…
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High 7.8
A memory corruption vulnerability Panasonic Control FPWIN Pro versions 7.6.0.3 and all previous versions may allow arbi…
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High 8.4
IBM Db2 buffer overflow
IBM Db2 for Linux, UNIX and Windows (includes Db2 Connect Server) 10.5, 11.1, and 11.5 db2set is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. An attacker could overflow the buffer and execute arbitrary code. IBM X-Force ID: 252184.
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Medium 5.3
An improper array index validation vulnerability exists in the GraphPlanar::Write functionality of Diagon v1.0.139. A s…
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Medium 6.7
Improper Restrictions of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Linux
Memory corruption in Linux while calling system configuration APIs.
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Medium 6.7
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Linux
Memory Corruption in Linux while processing QcRilRequestImsRegisterMultiIdentityMessage request.
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Unscored —
A vulnerability was found in libX11. The security flaw occurs because the functions in src/InitExt.c in libX11 do not c…
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High 8.6
Out of Bounds Slice index in cfnts leads to remote panic
An unchecked read in NTP server in github.com/cloudflare/cfnts prior to commit 783490b https://github.com/cloudflare/cfnts/commit/783490b913f05e508a492cd7b02e3c4ec2297b71 enabled a remote attacker to trigger a panic by sending an NTSAuthenticator packet with…
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High 7.8
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V14.2.0.3), Teamcenter Visualization V13.2 (All versions <…
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High 7.2
AMI BMC contains a vulnerability in the SPX REST API, where an attacker with the required privileges can read and write…
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High 8.4
Buffer Copy Without Checking Size of Input (`Classic Buffer Overflow`) in WLAN HAL
Memory corruption in WLAN HAL while processing WMI-UTF command or FTM TLV1 command.
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Medium 6.7
Improper restriction of operations within the bounds of memory buffer in Linux
Memory corruption in Linux while sending DRM request.
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High 8.4
IBM Aspera buffer overflow
IBM Aspera Connect 4.2.5 and IBM Aspera Cargo 4.2.5 is vulnerable to a buffer overflow, caused by improper bounds checking. An attacker could overflow a buffer and execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 248625.
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High 7.1
A vulnerbility was found in OpenSC. This security flaw cause a buffer overrun vulnerability in pkcs15 cardos_have_verif…
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Critical 9.8
RIOT-OS vulnerable to Out of Bounds Write in _rbuf_add
RIOT-OS, an operating system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. In version 2023.01 and prior, an attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in an out of bounds write in the…
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High 7.5
RIOT-OS vulnerable to Out of Bounds write in routing with SRH
RIOT-OS, an operating system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices, contains a network stack with the ability to process 6LoWPAN frames. Prior to version 2023.04, an attacker can send a crafted frame to the device resulting in an integer underflow and out of b…
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Low 3.5
MindSpore json_helper.cc UpdateArray memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in MindSpore 2.0.0-alpha/2.0.0-rc1. This vulnerability affects the function JsonHelper::UpdateArray of the file mindspore/ccsrc/minddata/dataset/util/json_helper.cc. The manipulation leads to memory corrupti…
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Medium 5.3
Twister Antivirus IoControlCode filppd.sys 0x80800043 memory corruption
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in Twister Antivirus 8. This vulnerability affects the function 0x804f2143/0x804f217f/0x804f214b/0x80800043 in the library filppd.sys of the component IoControlCode Handler. The manipulation leads to memory cor…
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Medium 5.5
A vulnerability was found in the libtiff library. This security flaw causes a heap buffer overflow in extractContigSamp…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability was found in the libtiff library. This flaw causes a heap buffer overflow issue via the TIFFTAG_INKNAME…
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Medium 6.5
A potential heap based buffer overflow was found in _bfd_elf_slurp_version_tables() in bfd/elf.c. This may lead to loss…
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Medium 6.5
CODESYS: Multiple products prone to improperly restricted memory operations
An authenticated, remote attacker may use a Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in multiple versions of multiple CODESYS products to force a denial-of-service situation.
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in LibRaw. A heap-buffer-overflow in raw2image_ex() caused by a maliciously crafted file may lead to a…
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High 8.8
Improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer in some Intel(R) i915 Graphics drivers for linu…
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High 7.8
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2023 (All versions < V223.0 Update 3), Solid Edge SE2023 (All versi…
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Medium 5.9
IBM MQ denial of service
IBM MQ 9.2 CD, 9.2 LTS, 9.3 CD, and 9.3 LTS could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to an error processing invalid data. IBM X-Force ID: 248418.
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High 7.8
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Automotive
Memory corruption in Automotive due to Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer while exporting a shared key.
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Medium 6.0
NVIDIA DGX-1 SBIOS contains a vulnerability in Bds, which may lead to code execution, denial of service, and escalation…
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High 7.5
NVIDIA DGX A100 SBIOS contains a vulnerability where an attacker may modify arbitrary memory of SMRAM by exploiting the…
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High 7.5
NVIDIA DGX A100 SBIOS contains a vulnerability where an attacker may modify arbitrary memory of SMRAM by exploiting the…
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Critical 9.8
Buffer-overflow in jsdtoa.c in Artifex MuJS in versions 1.0.1 to 1.1.1. An integer overflow happens when js_strtod() re…
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Medium 5.5
Cesanta MJS v2.20.0 was discovered to contain a SEGV vulnerability via gc_sweep at src/mjs_gc.c. This vulnerability can…
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Medium 5.5
Bento4 v1.6.0-639 was discovered to contain an out-of-memory bug in the mp42avc component.
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High 7.8
Screen Creator Advance 2 Ver.0.1.1.4 Build01A and earlier is vulnerable to improper restriction of operations within th…
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Medium 4.4
An issue was discovered in the Arm Mali Kernel Driver. A non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing op…
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High 7.5
Nginx NJS v0.7.10 was discovered to contain an illegal memcpy via the function njs_vmcode_return at src/njs_vmcode.c.
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Medium 6.5
An issue was discovered in libbzip3.a in bzip3 before 1.2.3. There is a crash caused by an invalid memmove in bz3_decod…
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Low 3.3
An issue was discovered in the Arm Mali GPU Kernel Driver. A non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processin…
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Medium 5.5
Irfanview v4.62 allows a user-mode write access violation via a crafted JPEG 2000 file starting at JPEG2000+0x000000000…
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High 7.8
Heap based buffer overflow in binutils-gdb/bfd/libbfd.c in bfd_getl64.