Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
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High 7.8
Siemens Solid Edge, JT2Go, and Teamcenter Visualization Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The Datalogics APDFL library used in affected products is vulnerable to memory corruption condition while parsing specially crafted PDF files. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.
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High 7.8
Multiple improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer issues exist in TELLUS V4.0.17.0 and e…
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Critical 9.0
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the HTTP Server header parsing functionality of Weston Embedded uC-HTTP v3.…
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High 7.7
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the HTTP Server functionality of Weston Embedded uC-HTTP v3.01.01. A spe…
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Critical 9.0
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the HTTP Server form boundary functionality of Weston Embedded uC-HTTP v3.0…
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Critical 9.0
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in the HTTP Server Host header parsing functionality of Weston Embedded uC-HTT…
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High 8.1
Memory Corruption Vulnerability in Grub-Legacy's XFS Implementation
An attacker with local access to a system (either through a disk or external drive) can present a modified XFS partition to grub-legacy in such a way to exploit a memory corruption in grub’s XFS file system implementation.
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High 7.8
Mali GPU Kernel Driver exposes sensitive data from freed memory
A local non-privileged user can make improper GPU memory processing operations. If the operations are carefully prepared, then they could be used to gain access to already freed memory.
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High 8.2
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in TZ Secure OS
Memory corruption in TZ Secure OS while loading an app ELF.
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Medium 5.4
Opensc: multiple memory issues with pkcs15-init (enrollment tool)
Several memory vulnerabilities were identified within the OpenSC packages, particularly in the card enrollment process using pkcs15-init when a user or administrator enrolls cards. To take advantage of these flaws, an attacker must have physical access to the…
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Medium 6.2
Potential buffer overflow in php_cli_server_startup_workers
A vulnerability was found in PHP where setting the environment variable PHP_CLI_SERVER_WORKERS to a large value leads to a heap buffer overflow.
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High 8.2
Denial of service
Denial of Service in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when configured as a Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA Virtual Server
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High 7.8
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14.1, iOS 17.1 and iPadOS 17…
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Medium 6.5
Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: High CPU load due to specific NETCONF command
An Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in the management daemon (mgd) process of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a network-based authenticated low-privileged attacker, by executing a spec…
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Critical 9.4
Unauthenticated sensitive information disclosure
Sensitive information disclosure in NetScaler ADC and NetScaler Gateway when configured as a Gateway (VPN virtual server, ICA Proxy, CVPN, RDP Proxy) or AAA virtual server.
KEV Oct 18, 2023 -
Medium 5.5
Libtiff: memory leak in tiffcrop.c
A memory leak flaw was found in Libtiff's tiffcrop utility. This issue occurs when tiffcrop operates on a TIFF image file, allowing an attacker to pass a crafted TIFF image file to tiffcrop utility, which causes this memory leak issue, resulting an applicatio…
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Critical 9.8
Easy Chat Server Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability
Stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Easy Chat Server 3.1 version. An attacker could send an excessively long username string to the register.ghp file asking for the name via a GET request resulting in arbitrary code execution on the remote machine.
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Critical 9.8
Easy Address Book Web Server Buffer overflow vulnerability
Buffer overflow vulnerability in Easy Address Book Web Server 1.6 version. The exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to send a very long username string to /searchbook.ghp, asking for the name via a POST request, resulting in arbitrary co…
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High 8.1
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the CreateDIBfromPict functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 20.1. A …
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Critical 9.8
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the pictwread functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 20.1. A speciall…
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High 8.1
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the tiff_planar_adobe functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 20.1. A specia…
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High 7.8
NVIDIA DGX H100 BMC contains a vulnerability in the host KVM daemon, where an authenticated local attacker may cause co…
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High 7.8
A vulnerability has been identified in Tecnomatix Plant Simulation V2201 (All versions < V2201.0008), Tecnomatix Plant …
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High 8.6
Buffer overflow vulnerability in Panasonic KW Watcher versions 1.00 through 2.82 may allow attackers to execute arbitra…
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Critical 9.8
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in WLAN Firmware
Memory corruption in WLAN Firmware while parsing receieved GTK Keys in GTK KDE.
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High 7.8
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in WLAN HAL
Memory corruption in WLAN HAL while parsing Rx buffer in processing TLV payload.
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Medium 6.7
Improper Restrictions of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Display
Memory Corruption while accessing metadata in Display.
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Medium 6.7
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Audio
Memory corruption in Audio during playback session with audio effects enabled.
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High 7.5
The Dataprobe iBoot PDU running firmware version 1.43.03312023 or earlier contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in t…
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Critical 9.4
Buffer overflow and overread in phar_dir_read()
In PHP version 8.0.* before 8.0.30, 8.1.* before 8.1.22, and 8.2.* before 8.2.8, when loading phar file, while reading PHAR directory entries, insufficient length checking may lead to a stack buffer overflow, leading potentially to memory corruption or RCE.
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Medium 5.5
Authenticated Local Privilege Escalation vulnerability in Intel Optimization for Tensorflow
Improper buffer restrictions in the Intel(R) Optimization for Tensorflow software before version 2.12 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
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Medium 5.3
A CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists that could caus…
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High 8.8
CODESYS: Improper memory restrictions fro CODESYS Control
In CODESYS Control in multiple versions a improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer allow an remote attacker with user privileges to gain full access of the device.
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High 8.1
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MOL2 attribute/value parser
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the MOL2 format attribute and value functionality of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file …
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in Gaussian translationVectors[]
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attack…
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MSI translationVectors[]
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attack…
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MOPAC IN translationVectors[] (Tv atom)
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attack…
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MOPAC translationVectors[] (UNIT CELL TRANSLATION)
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attack…
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MOPAC translationVectors[] (FINAL POINT)
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attack…
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Critical 9.8
Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in PQS coord_file parser
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the PQS format coord_file functionality of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger…