Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Management Interface Remote Command Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to improper valid…
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High 8.8
Cisco RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Management Interface Remote Command Execution Multiple Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of the Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall, RV130 VPN Router, RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router, and RV215W Wireless-N VPN Router could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute…
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High 8.8
Cisco RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Routers Management Interface Remote Command Execution Multiple Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of the Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall, RV130 VPN Router, RV130W Wireless-N Multifunction VPN Router, and RV215W Wireless-N VPN Router could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute…
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High 7.5CVE-2020-13934 EPSS 64%
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in Apache Tomcat
An h2c direct connection to Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.0-M6, 9.0.0.M5 to 9.0.36 and 8.5.1 to 8.5.56 did not release the HTTP/1.1 processor after the upgrade to HTTP/2. If a sufficient number of such requests were made, an OutOfMemoryException could occur…
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Critical 9.8
RSA-PSS signature validation vulnerability by prepending zeros in jsrsasign
An issue was discovered in the jsrsasign package before 8.0.17 for Node.js. Its RSASSA-PSS (RSA-PSS) implementation does not detect signature manipulation/modification by prepending '\0' bytes to a signature (it accepts these modified signatures as valid). An…
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Critical 9.8
RSA PKCS#1 decryption vulnerability with prepending zeros in jsrsasign
An issue was discovered in the jsrsasign package before 8.0.18 for Node.js. Its RSA PKCS1 v1.5 decryption implementation does not detect ciphertext modification by prepending '\0' bytes to ciphertexts (it decrypts modified ciphertexts without error). An attac…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Series Routers Management Interface Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Series Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands. For more information about the…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Series Routers Management Interface Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco RV110W, RV130, RV130W, and RV215W Series Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands. For more information about the…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 7.2
Cisco Small Business RV Series Routers Stack Overflow Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV320 and RV325 Series Routers and Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, and RV082 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative privileges to exec…
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High 8.1
ChakraCore RCE Vulnerability
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the ChakraCore scripting engine handles objects in memory, aka 'Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability'.
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High 8.1
Error handling invalid packet sequence
Improper handling of the full-buffer case in the Zephyr Bluetooth implementation can result in memory corruption. This issue affects: zephyrproject-rtos zephyr version 2.2.0 and later versions, and version 1.14.0 and later versions.
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Critical 9.8
Cisco IOS Software for Cisco Industrial Routers Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS Software for Cisco 809 and 829 Industrial Integrated Services Routers (Industrial ISRs) and Cisco 1000 Series Connected Grid Routers (CGR1000) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker or an authenticated, local att…
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Critical 9.8
Cisco IOS Software for Cisco Industrial Routers Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco IOS Software for Cisco 809 and 829 Industrial Integrated Services Routers (Industrial ISRs) and Cisco 1000 Series Connected Grid Routers (CGR1000) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker or an authenticated, local att…
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Medium 5.5
Cisco AMP for Endpoints Linux Connector and AMP for Endpoints Mac Connector Software Memory Buffer Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco AMP for Endpoints Linux Connector Software and Cisco AMP for Endpoints Mac Connector Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient inpu…
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Medium 5.5
Cisco AMP for Endpoints Linux Connector and AMP for Endpoints Mac Connector Software Memory Buffer Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco AMP for Endpoints Linux Connector Software and Cisco AMP for Endpoints Mac Connector Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient inpu…
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Medium 4.2
Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the ChakraCore scripting engine handles objects in memory. The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. An a…
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Unscored —
Products that use EDS Subsystem: Version 28.0.1 and prior (FactoryTalk Linx software (Previously called RSLinx Enterpri…
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Low 2.2
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in FreeRDP
In FreeRDP after 1.1 and before 2.0.0, a stream out-of-bounds seek in rdp_read_font_capability_set could lead to a later out-of-bounds read. As a result, a manipulated client or server might force a disconnect due to an invalid data read. This has been fixed …
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High 8.0
UpdateHub Might Dereference An Uninitialized Pointer
In updatehub_probe, right after JSON parsing is complete, objects\[1] is accessed from the output structure in two different places. If the JSON contained less than two elements, this access would reference unitialized stack memory. This could result in a cra…
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Medium 5.0
Heap overflow in control device ioctl
A heap buffer overflow was discovered in the device control ioctl in the Linux driver for Nvidia graphics cards, which may allow an attacker to overflow 49 bytes. This issue was fixed in version 295.53.
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Medium 5.5
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer in FreeRDP
In FreeRDP after 1.0 and before 2.0.0, there is a stream out-of-bounds seek in update_read_synchronize that could lead to a later out-of-bounds read.
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High 8.6
Cisco Firepower 1000 Series SSL/TLS Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)/Transport Layer Security (TLS) handler of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software when running on the Cisco Firepower 1000 Series platform could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a den…
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Medium 5.5
Cisco Firepower Device Manager On-Box Software XML Parsing Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the XML parser code of Cisco Firepower Device Manager On-Box software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause an affected system to become unstable or reload. The vulnerability is due to insufficient hardening of the XML pars…
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Medium 4.2
Buffer Overflow in Google Earth Pro
A Buffer Overflow vulnerability in the khcrypt implementation in Google Earth Pro versions up to and including 7.3.2 allows an attacker to perform a Man-in-the-Middle attack using a specially crafted key to read data past the end of the buffer used to hold it…
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High 8.6
Cisco Wireless LAN Controller 802.11 Generic Advertisement Service Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the 802.11 Generic Advertisement Service (GAS) frame processing function of Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause an affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service…
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High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Microsoft Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Microsoft Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerability exists due to insufficient validation of cert…
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High 7.5CVE-2020-0969 EPSS 13%
ChakraCore RCE Vulnerability
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the Chakra scripting engine handles objects in memory in Microsoft Edge (HTML-based), aka 'Chakra Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability'.
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Medium 6.1
Buffer overwrite in ENS allowed to bypass AMSI protection
Buffer Overflow via Environment Variables vulnerability in AMSI component in McAfee Endpoint Security (ENS) Prior to 10.7.0 February 2020 Update allows local users to disable Endpoint Security via a carefully crafted user input.
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High 7.5
Denial of Service in Netty
The ZlibDecoders in Netty 4.1.x before 4.1.46 allow for unbounded memory allocation while decoding a ZlibEncoded byte stream. An attacker could send a large ZlibEncoded byte stream to the Netty server, forcing the server to allocate all of its free memory to …
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High 7.5
An exploitable memory corruption vulnerability exists in the Name Service Client functionality of 3S-Smart Software Sol…