Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
-
Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
-
Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
-
Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
-
Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
-
Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
-
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of certain elements…
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of certain elements…
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of certain elements…
-
Critical 9.6
Heap buffer overflow in CefSharp
Heap buffer overflow in Freetype in Google Chrome prior to 86.0.4240.111 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Low 3.7
Undefined behavior in Tensorflow
In Tensorflow before version 2.4.0, when the `boxes` argument of `tf.image.crop_and_resize` has a very large value, the CPU kernel implementation receives it as a C++ `nan` floating point value. Attempting to operate on this is undefined behavior which later …
-
High 8.6
Cisco Firepower 2100 Series SSL/TLS Inspection Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the SSL/TLS inspection of Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software for Cisco Firepower 2100 Series firewalls could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulner…
-
High 7.8
Base3D Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
<p>A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Base3D rendering engine improperly handles memory.</p> <p>An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability would gain execution on a victim system.</p> <p>The security update addresses the vulne…
-
High 7.5
Junos OS: Receipt of malformed DHCPv6 packets causes jdhcpd to crash.
On Juniper Networks Junos OS platforms configured as DHCPv6 local server or DHCPv6 Relay Agent, Juniper Networks Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Daemon (JDHCPD) process might crash with a core dump if a malformed DHCPv6 packet is received, resulting with …
-
High 8.1
Undefined Behavior in bounded Crossbeam channel
Crossbeam is a set of tools for concurrent programming. In crossbeam-channel before version 0.4.4, the bounded channel incorrectly assumes that `Vec::from_iter` has allocated capacity that same as the number of iterator elements. `Vec::from_iter` does not act…
-
High 8.8
Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras Cisco Discovery Protocol Remote Code Execution and Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device or cause the device to reload. This vulnerabil…
-
Medium 4.0
Denial of service in tensorflow-lite
In TensorFlow Lite before versions 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, models using segment sum can trigger a denial of service by causing an out of memory allocation in the implementation of segment sum. Since code uses the last element of the tensor holding them to determine …
-
Critical 9.0
Data leak in Tensorflow
In Tensorflow before versions 1.15.4, 2.0.3, 2.1.2, 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, the `data_splits` argument of `tf.raw_ops.StringNGrams` lacks validation. This allows a user to pass values that can cause heap overflow errors and even leak contents of memory In the linked…
-
High 8.7
Segfault and data corruption in tensorflow-lite
In tensorflow-lite before versions 1.15.4, 2.0.3, 2.1.2, 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, to mimic Python's indexing with negative values, TFLite uses `ResolveAxis` to convert negative values to positive indices. However, the only check that the converted index is now valid …
-
High 8.5
Heap buffer overflow in Tensorflow
In Tensorflow before versions 1.15.4, 2.0.3, 2.1.2, 2.2.1 and 2.3.1, the implementation of `SparseFillEmptyRowsGrad` uses a double indexing pattern. It is possible for `reverse_index_map(i)` to be an index outside of bounds of `grad_values`, thus resulting in…
-
High 8.5
Heap buffer overflow in Tensorflow
In Tensorflow version 2.3.0, the `SparseCountSparseOutput` and `RaggedCountSparseOutput` implementations don't validate that the `weights` tensor has the same shape as the data. The check exists for `DenseCountSparseOutput`, where both tensors are fully speci…
-
Medium 5.4
Heap buffer overflow in Tensorflow
In Tensorflow before version 2.3.1, the `SparseCountSparseOutput` implementation does not validate that the input arguments form a valid sparse tensor. In particular, there is no validation that the `indices` tensor has the same shape as the `values` one. The…
-
Medium 5.1
Cisco IOS XE Software Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the implementation of the Lua interpreter that is integrated in Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the underlying Linux operating system (OS) of an affected d…
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Microsoft Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Microsoft Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities exist due to insufficient validati…
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Microsoft Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Microsoft Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities exist due to insufficient validati…
-
High 7.8
Cisco Webex Network Recording Player and Cisco Webex Player Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Webex Network Recording Player for Microsoft Windows and Cisco Webex Player for Microsoft Windows could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected system. The vulnerabilities exist due to insufficient validati…
-
High 7.2
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the implementation of the Lua interpreter integrated in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root pri…
-
Critical 9.8
Heap Overflow in PyMiniRacer
A heap overflow in Sqreen PyMiniRacer (aka Python Mini Racer) before 0.3.0 allows remote attackers to potentially exploit heap corruption.
-
High 7.5
xmlquery lacks check for whether LoadURL response is in XML format, causing denial of service
xmlquery before 1.3.1 lacks a check for whether a LoadURL response is in the XML format, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service (SIGSEGV) at xmlquery.(*Node).InnerText or possibly have unspecified other impact.
-
Unscored —
A flaw was found in X.Org Server before xorg-x11-server 1.20.9. An Out-Of-Bounds access in XkbSetNames function may lea…
-
Medium 4.2
Scripting Engine Memory Corruption Vulnerability
<p>A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the ChakraCore scripting engine handles objects in memory. The vulnerability could corrupt memory in such a way that an attacker could execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. A…
-
High 8.2
Heap buffer overflow in ACCEL-PPP
In ACCEL-PPP (an implementation of PPTP/PPPoE/L2TP/SSTP), there is a buffer overflow when receiving an l2tp control packet ith an AVP which type is a string and no hidden flags, length set to less than 6. If your application is used in open networks or there …
-
Medium 4.7
Cisco Small Business RV340 Series Routers Command Injection and Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV340 Series Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative credentials to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system (OS) as …
-
Medium 4.7
Cisco Small Business RV340 Series Routers Command Injection and Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV340 Series Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker with administrative credentials to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system (OS) as …
-
Medium 6.0
Cisco FXOS Software Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco FXOS Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative credentials to cause a buffer overflow condition. The vulnerability is due to incorrect bounds checking of values that are parsed from a specific file. An …
-
Critical 9.1
Out of bounds access in rgb
A safety violation was discovered in the rgb crate before 0.8.20 for Rust, leading to (for example) dereferencing of arbitrary pointers or disclosure of uninitialized memory. This occurs because structs can be treated as bytes for read and write operations.
-
Medium 5.3
Dell EMC Isilon OneFS version 8.2.2 and Dell EMC PowerScale OneFS version 9.0.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerabilit…
-
High 7.7
Heap buffer overflow in libIEC61850
In libIEC61850 before version 1.4.3, when a message with COTP message length field with value < 4 is received an integer underflow will happen leading to heap buffer overflow. This can cause an application crash or on some platforms even the execution of remo…
-
High 7.5
This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 15.1.4.…
-
Medium 5.5
Microsoft Windows Codecs Library Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that Microsoft Windows Codecs Library handles objects in memory. An attacker who successfully exploited the vulnerability could execute arbitrary code. Exploitation of the vulnerability requires that a p…
-
Medium 6.8
Cisco StarOS IPv6 Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the IPv6 implementation of Cisco StarOS could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of incoming IPv6 traffic. An att…
-
Unscored —
A memory corruption vulnerability exists in NextCloud Desktop Client v2.6.4 where missing ASLR and DEP protections in f…
-
Critical 9.8
Cisco SD-WAN Solution Software Buffer Overflow Vulnerability
A vulnerability in Cisco SD-WAN Solution Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by send…
-
Unscored —
napi_get_value_string_*() allows various kinds of memory corruption in node < 10.21.0, 12.18.0, and < 14.4.0.
-
High 7.5
Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk View SE
In all versions of FactoryTalk View SE, after bypassing memory corruption mechanisms found in the operating system, a local, authenticated attacker may corrupt the associated memory space allowing for arbitrary code execution. Rockwell Automation recommends a…
-
Critical 9.8CVE-2020-3331 EPSS 42%
Cisco RV110W and RV215W Series Routers Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco RV110W Wireless-N VPN Firewall and Cisco RV215W Wireless-N VPN Router could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to i…