Weakness (CWE)
CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
The product performs operations on a memory buffer, but it reads from or writes to a memory location outside the buffer's intended boundary.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-119
3,733 results · Feed
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Unscored —
A CWE-119:Improper restriction of operations within the bounds of a memory buffer vulnerability exists in PowerLogic IO…
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Unscored —
In LibTIFF, there is a memory malloc failure in tif_pixarlog.c. A crafted TIFF document can lead to an abort, resulting…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in libtiff. Due to a memory allocation failure in tif_read.c, a crafted TIFF file can lead to an abort…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in privoxy before 3.0.32. Invalid memory access with an invalid pattern passed to pcre_compile() may l…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in privoxy before 3.0.32. A invalid read of size two may occur in chunked_body_is_complete() leading t…
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High 7.5
quinn invalidly assumes the memory layout of std::net::SocketAddr
An issue was discovered in the quinn crate before 0.7.0 for Rust. It may have invalid memory access for certain versions of the standard library because it relies on a direct cast of std::net::SocketAddrV4 and std::net::SocketAddrV6 data structures.
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Critical 9.8
Deserializing an array can free uninitialized memory in byte_struct
An issue was discovered in the byte_struct crate before 0.6.1 for Rust. There can be a drop of uninitialized memory if a certain deserialization method panics.
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Unscored —
In ytnef 1.9.3, the SwapWord function in lib/ytnef.c allows remote attackers to cause a denial-of-service (and potentia…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in libcaca v0.99.beta19. A buffer overflow issue in caca_resize function in libcaca/caca/canvas.c may …
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Unscored —
An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in FontForge in versions before 20200314 while parsing SFD files containing certa…
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Critical 9.8
nb-connect invalidly assumes the memory layout of std::net::SocketAddr
An issue was discovered in the nb-connect crate before 1.0.3 for Rust. It may have invalid memory access for certain versions of the standard library because it relies on a direct cast of std::net::SocketAddrV4 and std::net::SocketAddrV6 data structures.
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High 8.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Tencent WeChat 7.0.18…
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Critical 9.8
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the TIFF parser of Accusoft ImageGear 19.8. A specially crafted malforme…
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Critical 9.8
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the SGI RLE decompression functionality of Accusoft ImageGear 19.8. A sp…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V13.1.0.1), Teamcenter Visualization (All versions < V13.1…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V13.1.0.1), Teamcenter Visualization (All versions < V13.1…
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Critical 9.8
An issue was discovered on D-Link DIR-825 R1 devices through 3.0.1 before 2020-11-20. A buffer overflow in the web inte…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 8.6
Cisco SD-WAN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute denial of service (DoS) attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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High 8.6
Cisco SD-WAN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute denial of service (DoS) attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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High 8.6
Cisco SD-WAN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute denial of service (DoS) attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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High 8.6
Cisco SD-WAN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute denial of service (DoS) attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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High 8.6
Cisco SD-WAN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute denial of service (DoS) attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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Critical 9.8
Cisco SD-WAN Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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Critical 9.8
Cisco SD-WAN Buffer Overflow Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute attacks against an affected device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in the X.Org Server before version 1.20.10. An out-of-bounds access in the XkbSetMap function may lead…
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High 7.4
Junos OS: EX Series and QFX Series: Memory leak issue processing specific DHCP packets
A vulnerability in processing of certain DHCP packets from adjacent clients on EX Series and QFX Series switches running Juniper Networks Junos OS with DHCP local/relay server configured may lead to exhaustion of DMA memory causing a Denial of Service (DoS). …
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Medium 6.5
Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras Cisco Discovery Protocol Denial of Service Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Cisco Discovery Protocol implementation for Cisco Video Surveillance 8000 Series IP Cameras could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause an affected IP camera to reload. The vulnerability is due to missing checks when Cisc…
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High 8.8CVE-2020-16013 Exploited
Inappropriate implementation in V8 in CefSharp
Inappropriate implementation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 86.0.4240.198 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page.
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Drop of uninitialized memory in Ozone
An issue was discovered in the ozone crate through 2020-07-04 for Rust. Memory safety is violated because of out-of-bounds access.
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High 8.8
An out of bounds memory corruption vulnerability exists in the way Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 reconstructs paths from binary U…
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Medium 4.7
A CWE-119: Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists in Modicon M258…
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Medium 6.3
An out-of-bounds memory corruption vulnerability exists in the way Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 uses SPECS data from binary USD …
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Medium 4.3
An exploitable vulnerability exists in the way Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 handles parses certain encoded types. A specially cr…
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Medium 4.3
An exploitable vulnerability exists in the way Pixar OpenUSD 20.05 handles parses certain encoded types. A specially cr…
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High 7.5
Memory leak in nanopb
Nanopb is a small code-size Protocol Buffers implementation. In Nanopb before versions 0.4.4 and 0.3.9.7, decoding specifically formed message can leak memory if dynamic allocation is enabled and an oneof field contains a static submessage that contains a dyn…
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Unscored —
A CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists in IGSS Definiti…
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Unscored —
A CWE-119 Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability exists in IGSS Definiti…
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Critical 9.8
Cisco Integrated Management Controller Multiple Remote Code Execution Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in the API subsystem of Cisco Integrated Management Controller (IMC) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with root privileges. The vulnerabilities are due to improper boundary checks for certain u…
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Medium 6.9
Dell Inspiron 15 7579 2-in-1 BIOS versions prior to 1.31.0 contain an Improper SMM communication buffer verification vu…