Weakness (CWE)
CWE-1336: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
The product uses a template engine to insert or process externally-influenced input, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements or syntax that can be interpreted as template expressions or other code directives when processed by the engine.
More detail
In some cases, XSS-style attacks can work, which can obscure the root cause if the developer does not closely investigate the root cause of the error.
Template engines can be used on the server or client, so both "sides" could be affected by injection. The mechanisms of attack or the affected technologies might be different, but the mistake is fundamentally the same.
How to prevent it (2 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
Choose a template engine that offers a sandbox or restricted mode, or at least limits the power of any available expressions, function calls, or commands.
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Implementation
Use the template engine's sandbox or restricted mode, if available.
Source: MITRE CWE-1336
318 results · Feed
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Critical 9.9
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine in GitLab AI Gateway
GitLab has remediated a vulnerability in the GitLab AI Gateway component affecting all versions of the AI Gateway from 18.1.6 before 19.2.4, 19.3 before 19.3.2, and 19.4 before 19.4.1 that, under certain conditions, could have allowed an authenticated user wi…
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High 7.2
Document Merge Service vulnerable to RCE via SSTI (xlsx tempaltes)
Document Merge Service is a document template merge service providing an API to manage templates and merge them with given data. Prior to version 9.1.0, a remote code execution (RCE) via server-side template injection (SSTI) allows for user supplied code to b…
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Medium 6.3
formtools.org Form Tools Client Settings Clients.class.php updateClientSettingsTab special elements in template engine
A security vulnerability has been detected in formtools.org Form Tools up to 3.1.1. This vulnerability affects the function Clients::updateClientSettingsTab of the file global/code/Clients.class.php of the component Client Settings. The manipulation of the ar…
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High 7.2
Kiteworks Core Remote Code Execution through Server-Side Template Injection
A system notification template on the Kiteworks appliance was rendered by a template engine that evaluated expressions contained in the stored template body. An authenticated System Administrator could potentially store a crafted template that executed operat…
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Medium 4.7
Naichen ThinkCMF Email Template MailController.php templatePut special elements in template engine
A security vulnerability has been detected in Naichen ThinkCMF up to 8.0.7. Affected by this issue is the function MailController::templatePut of the file cmf-api/src/admin/controller/MailController.php of the component Email Template. The manipulation leads …
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High 8.6
Zammad: AI Agent template sanitizer bypass leads to remote code execution
Zammad is a web based open source helpdesk/customer support system. Prior to 7.1.2, a security filter that protects Zammad's AI Agent configuration can be bypassed by entering specially crafted text into one of an AI Agent's fields. An administrator with perm…
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Critical 10.0CVE-2026-97359 Scanner template
HFS2 2.4.0 RCE via Multipart Upload Filename Template Injection
HFS2 version 2.4.0 and earlier contains a template injection vulnerability in the multipart upload handler that allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution by embedding malicious template syntax in a filename. Attackers can craft a filen…
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Medium 5.3CVE-2026-73858 Public exploit
Solspace Freeform: Limited Twig template injection via submitted field values
Solspace Freeform plugin for Craft CMS 5.x is a super flexible form-building tool. From 5.0.0 through 5.10.13, submitted values from public Freeform forms can be evaluated by the isolated Twig renderer when rendered into HTML attributes. An unauthenticated at…
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High 7.6
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
ZohoCorp ManageEngine OpManager, NetFlow Analyzer, and Network Configuration Manager versions 12.8.667 and below were vulnerable to a Server-Side Template Injection vulnerability in Configlet processing, which could lead to Remote Code Execution.
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High 8.0
openEQUELLA < 2026.1.0 Authenticated Stored SSTI via FreemarkerPortletRenderer
openEQUELLA before 2026.1.0 contains an authenticated stored server-side template injection vulnerability in FreemarkerPortletRenderer.renderHtml() that allows any authenticated non-guest user to achieve remote code execution by storing a malicious FreeMarker…
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High 8.8CVE-2026-92592 Public exploit
Craft CMS before 4.18.6 Remote Code Execution via signed cookie
Craft CMS 4.8.0 through 4.18.5 and 5.0.0 through 5.10.12 sign an authenticated user's attacker-controlled license-shun cookie with the same key and format used to validate signed redirect parameters, because the HMAC signature is not bound to its purpose (Yii…
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High 8.8
Backstage: Improper input validation in TechDocs MkDocs configuration
Backstage is an open framework for building developer portals. Prior to 1.14.6 and from 1.15.0 until 1.15.4, the @backstage/plugin-techdocs-node package insufficiently validates mkdocs.yml supplied by an authenticated user who can register or modify a TechDoc…
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High 8.8
Polyaxon through 2.16.4 Server-Side Template Injection via Unsandboxed Jinja2 Engine
Polyaxon through 2.16.4 renders operation specification fields with an unsandboxed Jinja2 environment during server-side run preparation, allowing authenticated users to execute arbitrary code. Attackers can submit runs with Jinja2 payloads in queue, namespac…
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Medium 5.9
Concrete CMS 9 through 9.5.2 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Theme Customizer via Unvalidated Style Values
Concrete CMS 9 through 9.5.2 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) in Theme Customizer via Unvalidated Style Values. Values submitted through the customizer (color channels and other style properties handled by ColorStyle and sibling Style cl…
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Medium 4.3
CSTI in Arma Digital's Website Template
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine vulnerability in Arma Digital Media Inc. Website Template allows Code Injection. This issue affects Website Template: through 11092026. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this discl…
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Critical 9.9
Forgejo before 16.0.4 allows remote code execution via a crafted template repository because template expansion on file…
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High 7.7
Velociraptor VQL injection during notebook restore from backup
Velociraptor allows for the creation of notebook backups in its default enabled daily backup feature. When Velociraptor restores the backup, the notebook cell content is interpolated into a template with no ACL checks. This allows a malicious user with NOTEBO…
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High 7.2
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.
Tanium addressed an unauthorized code execution vulnerability in Comply.
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Medium 4.6
Insufficient sanitization of Dashboards in Guardian/CMC before 26.3.0
A template injection vulnerability was discovered in the Dashboards functionality due to improper validation of an input parameter. An authenticated user with the required privileges can define a dashboard containing a malicious payload, or a victim can be so…
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Critical 10.0
Adobe Commerce | Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine (CWE-1336)
Adobe Commerce is affected by an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbi…
KEV Sep 8, 2026 -
High 7.1
YesWiki: Authenticated (Admin) Server-Side Template Injection to Remote Code Execution via Bazar Semantic Templates
YesWiki is a wiki system written in PHP. Prior to version 4.6.6, YesWiki Bazar contains a stored Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) vulnerability in the semantic template feature that can be escalated to confirmed Remote Code Execution (RCE). An authentica…
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High 8.7
Twig: Sandbox method allowlist bypass via `Markup` subclass
Twig is a template language for PHP. From version 1.0.0 to before version 3.27.0, SecurityPolicy::checkMethodAllowed() unconditionally whitelists all method calls on instances of Twig\Markup. Twig\Markup is not final, so subclasses inherit the bypass. An appl…
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High 7.8
Code injection in the CDK generator in Amazon awslabs.dynamodb-mcp-server
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a template engine in the CDK generator in Amazon awslabs.dynamodb-mcp-server before 2.1.6 might allow a context-dependent actor to execute arbitrary code on the host that deploys the generated application vi…
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High 7.5
Security vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Verify Identity Access and IBM Security Verify Access
IBM Verify Identity Access Advanced Access Control may be vulnerable to an information disclosure attack.
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Medium 5.3
Fleet: DNS exfiltration via Sprig getHostByName in fleet.yaml Helm template preprocessing
A security vulnerability was discovered in Fleet's Helm template preprocessing where templates evaluated by the Fleet controller could reach network resources outside the management cluster. A user who can supply bundle content to a repository referenced by a…
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High 7.6
In Eclipse Ditto versions [1.3.0, 3.9.6], the ImplicitThingCreationMessageMapper of the connectivity service builds a C…
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High 8.8
Io.quarkus:quarkus-qute: quarkus-qute:server-side template injection (ssti) vulnerability in reflectionvalueresolver of the quarkus qute template engine
A flaw was found in the Qute template engine, which is used by Quarkus to generate dynamic content like HTML pages or emails. The issue exists in the component responsible for looking up data values (ReflectionValueResolver), which fails to properly block acc…
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High 8.8
Skyvern before 1.0.45 Sandbox Escape via TextPromptBlock
Skyvern before 1.0.45 contains a sandbox escape vulnerability in TextPromptBlock that renders prompts twice, first through a sandboxed Jinja environment and then through an unsandboxed environment. Attackers can inject malicious Jinja template syntax through …
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Critical 9.8
Yamcs: Remote Code Execution via instance-template argument YAML injection (createInstance)
Yamcs is a mission control framework. Prior to 5.12.8 and 5.13.2, Yamcs inserts templateArgs from POST /api/instances and PATCH /api/instances/{instance} into YAML through VarStatement.append in yamcs-core/src/main/java/org/yamcs/templating/VarStatement.java …
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Medium 6.5
Flextype CMS 1.0.0-dev RCE via POST /api/v1/query Endpoint
Flextype CMS through v1.0.0-dev contains an expression language injection vulnerability that allows authenticated attackers with a valid API token to read arbitrary files by passing unsanitized user-supplied input to the Symfony ExpressionLanguage engine via …
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High 7.2
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow: Remote code execution via advanced workflow email template
Silverstripe Advanced Workflow is a highly configurable step-based workflow module. Prior to 6.4.5, 7.1.3, and 7.2.1, an attacker with permission to author the advanced workflow email template can place a specially crafted server-side template payload in Noti…
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High 8.6
Trilium: RCE via `shareTemplate` relation missing `isDangerous` flag — Safe import bypass leading to EJS SSTI (Incomplete Fix of CVE-2026-45668)
Trilium is an open-source hierarchical note-taking application. In versions prior to 0.104.0, the default-on "Safe import" filter fails to neutralize the shareTemplate relation because that relation is not marked as dangerous, allowing an attacker-supplied im…
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Critical 9.8
LiteLLM vulnerable to server-side template injection in the /prompts/test endpoint
BerriAI litellm <=1.82.4 is vulnerable to Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI), which allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands via a crafted dotprompt_content parameter in the /prompts/test endpoint due to use of an unsandboxe…
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High 7.8
Trestle SSTI in Jinja2 include tags allows arbitrary code execution (Incomplete fix of CVE-2026-46439)
Compliance-trestle (Trestle) is a Python SDK and command-line tool for managing OSCAL compliance documents. In versions prior to 3.12.4 and 4.0.0 through 4.0.3, the custom Jinja2 include tags mdsection_include and md_clean_include re-parse the content of an i…
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High —
mcp-contextforge-gateway has Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) leading to Remote Code Execution in `PromptService._render_template` via unsandboxed Jinja2 Environment
### Summary `mcpgateway.services.prompt_service.PromptService` renders user-supplied prompt templates using Jinja2's plain `Environment()` rather than `SandboxedEnvironment`. An authenticated user with permission to register or update prompt templates can sto…
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High 7.7
Server-Side Template Injection in extension "Event management and registration" (sf_event_mgt)
The extension passes an editor-configurable email subject string directly into a Fluid template source without restriction. A backend user with edit access to the event plugin or Backend Module can supply Fluid ViewHelper syntax in this field to disclose sens…
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Critical 9.5
Server-Side Template Injection in extension "powermail" (powermail)
The extension passes the raw value of a form field configured as "This field contains the name of the sender" directly into a Fluid View as template source, without any sanitization, and renders it. An anonymous, unauthenticated user can submit Fluid template…
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High 8.8
Grav before 4.2.2 Remote Code Execution via Email Twig
The Grav Email plugin (getgrav/grav-plugin-email) before 4.2.2 renders page-editor-controlled Email action parameters as unsandboxed Twig templates. An authenticated remote user with only api.access and api.pages.write permissions can place a Twig expression …
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Medium 4.7
Dromara UJCMS web-file-template Endpoint WebFileTemplateController.java update special elements in template engine
A flaw has been found in Dromara UJCMS up to 10.1.3. The impacted element is the function update of the file src/main/java/com/ujcms/cms/ext/web/backendapi/WebFileTemplateController.java of the component web-file-template Endpoint. Executing a manipulation ca…
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Critical 9.2
Phalcon Volt compiler `join` filter compile-time PHP code injection (SSTI lead to RCE)
Phalcon is a high-performance, full-stack PHP framework. In 5.15.0 and earlier, resolveFilter in phalcon/Mvc/View/Engine/Volt/Compiler.zep builds the join filter by inserting the raw separator and array token values into generated PHP without passing them thr…