Weakness (CWE)
CWE-77: Command Injection
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
More detail
Many protocols and products have their own custom command language. While OS or shell command strings are frequently discovered and targeted, developers may not realize that these other command languages might also be vulnerable to attacks.
How to prevent it (5 mitigations)
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Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
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Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
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Implementation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
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Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
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System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
Source: MITRE CWE-77
42 results · Clear filters · Feed
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Critical 9.8
FreeSWITCH: Inbound SIP MESSAGE can select the api chat proto and run FreeSWITCH API commands
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.3, sofia_presence_handle_sip_i_message() split the To user of …
KEV Nov 9, 2026 -
High 8.8CVE-2026-96951 Exploited
Windows Shell Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows Shell allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
KEV Oct 13, 2026 -
Critical 10.0
Ahsay AhsayCBS Replication Receiver UpdateReceivers.do os command injection
A flaw has been found in Ahsay AhsayCBS up to 9.15.2.69/10.3.4.44. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /rps/api/json/UpdateReceivers.do of the component Replication Receiver. Executing a manipulation of the argument random can lead to os comma…
KEV Oct 14, 2026 -
Critical 9.6
OS Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in Progress LoadMaster, ECS Connection Manager, Object Scale Connection Manager & MOVEit WAF
OS Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability in API in Progress ADC Products allows an un-authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the LoadMaster appliance by exploiting unsanitized input in multiple command endpoints
KEV Aug 7, 2026 -
High 8.7
LiteLLM: Authenticated command execution via MCP stdio test endpoints
LiteLLM is a proxy server (AI Gateway) to call LLM APIs in OpenAI (or native) format. From version 1.74.2 to before version 1.83.7, two endpoints used to preview an MCP server before saving it — POST /mcp-rest/test/connection and POST /mcp-rest/test/tools/lis…
KEV Jun 8, 2026 -
High 8.1
VMware Aria Operations command injection vulnerability
VMware Aria Operations contains a command injection vulnerability. A malicious unauthenticated actor may exploit this issue to execute arbitrary commands which may lead to remote code execution in VMware Aria Operations while support-assisted product migratio…
KEV Mar 3, 2026 -
Medium 6.1CVE-2025-59689 Exploited
Libraesva ESG 4.5 through 5.5.x before 5.5.7 allows command injection via a compressed e-mail attachment. For ESG 5.0 a…
KEV Sep 29, 2025 -
Critical 10.0
Deserialization Vulnerability in GoAnywhere MFT's License Servlet
A deserialization vulnerability in the License Servlet of Fortra's GoAnywhere MFT allows an actor with a validly forged license response signature to deserialize an arbitrary actor-controlled object, possibly leading to command injection.
KEV Sep 29, 2025 -
High 8.7
Arbitrary Command Injection in Smartbedded MeteoBridge
The Meteobridge web interface let meteobridge administrator manage their weather station data collection and administer their meteobridge system through a web application written in CGI shell scripts and C. This web interface exposes an endpoint that is vulne…
KEV Oct 2, 2025 -
High 7.2
A command injection vulnerability in D-Link DIR-823X 240126 and 240802 allows an authorized attacker to execute arbitra…
KEV Apr 24, 2026 -
High 7.3
DrayTek Vigor2960/Vigor300B Web Management Interface apmcfgupload os command injection
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in DrayTek Vigor2960 and Vigor300B 1.5.1.4. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/mainfunction.cgi/apmcfgupload of the component Web Management Interface. The manipulation of the argu…
KEV May 15, 2025 -
Critical 9.8
Command Injection Vulnerability in Remote Support(RS) & Privileged Remote Access (PRA)
A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Privileged Remote Access (PRA) and Remote Support (RS) products which can allow an unauthenticated attacker to inject commands that are run as a site user.
KEV Dec 19, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
In Cleo Harmony before 5.8.0.24, VLTrader before 5.8.0.24, and LexiCom before 5.8.0.24, an unauthenticated user can imp…
KEV Dec 17, 2024 -
High 7.2
An OS command injection vulnerability in the admin web console of Ivanti CSA before version 5.0.2 allows a remote authe…
KEV Oct 9, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
Apache HugeGraph-Server: Command execution in gremlin
RCE-Remote Command Execution vulnerability in Apache HugeGraph-Server.This issue affects Apache HugeGraph-Server: from 1.0.0 before 1.3.0 in Java8 & Java11 Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.3.0 with Java11 & enable the Auth system, which fixes the…
KEV Sep 18, 2024 -
Critical 10.0
PAN-OS: Arbitrary File Creation Leads to OS Command Injection Vulnerability in GlobalProtect
A command injection as a result of arbitrary file creation vulnerability in the GlobalProtect feature of Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS software for specific PAN-OS versions and distinct feature configurations may enable an unauthenticated attacker to execute arbi…
KEV Apr 12, 2024 -
High 7.3
D-Link DNS-320L/DNS-325/DNS-327L/DNS-340L HTTP GET Request nas_sharing.cgi command injection
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in D-Link DNS-320L, DNS-325, DNS-327L and DNS-340L up to 20240403. Affected is an unknown function of the file /cgi-bin/nas_sharing.cgi of the component HTTP GET Requ…
KEV Apr 11, 2024 -
Critical 9.1
A command injection vulnerability in web components of Ivanti Connect Secure (9.x, 22.x) and Ivanti Policy Secure (9.x,…
KEV Jan 10, 2024 -
Critical 9.8
Aria Operations for Networks contains a command injection vulnerability. A malicious actor with network access to VMwar…
KEV Jun 22, 2023 -
High 8.8
TP-Link TL-WR940N V2/V4, TL-WR841N V8/V10, and TL-WR740N V1/V2 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerabil…
KEV Jun 16, 2025 -
Medium 6.5
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV32…
KEV Mar 3, 2025 -
Critical 9.8
A pre-auth command injection vulnerability in the warn-proceed handler of Sophos Web Appliance older than version 4.3.1…
KEV Nov 16, 2023 -
High 8.8
TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability …
KEV May 1, 2023 -
Medium 6.8
A vulnerability in the Edge Gateway component of Mitel MiVoice Connect through 19.3 (22.22.6100.0) could allow an authe…
KEV Feb 21, 2023 -
Critical 9.8
D-Link DSL-2750B devices before 1.05 allow remote unauthenticated command injection via the login.cgi cli parameter, as…
KEV Jan 8, 2024 -
High 8.8
A command injection vulnerability exists in Pulse Connect Secure before 9.1R11.4 allows a remote authenticated attacker…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
Command Injection Vulnerability in QTS and QuTS hero
A command injection vulnerability has been reported to affect QTS and QuTS hero. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands in a compromised application. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions: …
KEV Apr 11, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
If exploited, this command injection vulnerability could allow remote attackers to run arbitrary commands. QNAP has alr…
KEV May 24, 2022 -
High 8.8
An issue was discovered on D-Link DCS-2530L before 1.06.01 Hotfix and DCS-2670L through 2.02 devices. cgi-bin/ddns_enc.…
KEV Aug 5, 2025 -
High 8.8
Remote code execution (RCE) in Apache Airflow
An issue was found in Apache Airflow versions 1.10.10 and below. A remote code/command injection vulnerability was discovered in one of the example DAGs shipped with Airflow which would allow any authenticated user to run arbitrary commands as the user runnin…
KEV Jan 18, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
On certain Ubiquiti devices, Command Injection exists via a GET request to stainfo.cgi (aka Show AP info) because the i…
KEV Apr 15, 2022 -
High 8.8
A remote code execution vulnerability exists in the way that the MSHTML engine inproperly validates input, aka "MSHTML …
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 8.8
The Symantec Messaging Gateway before 10.6.3-267 can encounter an issue of remote code execution, which describes a sit…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.8
(1) boardData102.php, (2) boardData103.php, (3) boardDataJP.php, (4) boardDataNA.php, and (5) boardDataWW.php in Netgea…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
Remote code execution in PHPMailer
The mailSend function in the isMail transport in PHPMailer before 5.2.18 might allow remote attackers to pass extra parameters to the mail command and consequently execute arbitrary code via a \" (backslash double quote) in a crafted Sender property.
KEV Jul 7, 2025 -
High 7.8
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software before 8.4(1) on ASA 5500, ASA 5500-X, PIX, and FWSM devices allows lo…
KEV May 24, 2022 -
High 8.1
Apache Struts RCE Vulnerability
Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.
KEV Oct 8, 2026 -
High 8.8
The D-Link DIR-645 Wired/Wireless Router Rev. Ax with firmware 1.04b12 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute a…
KEV Feb 10, 2022 -
Critical 9.8
sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c in PHP before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.2, when configured as a CGI script (aka php-cgi), does no…
KEV Mar 25, 2022 -
High 7.8
Exim 4.72 and earlier allows local users to gain privileges by leveraging the ability of the exim user account to speci…
KEV Mar 25, 2022