Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
3,622 results · Clear filters · Feed
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High 7.3
Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM DKIM Signature Header Selection dkim-canon.c dkim_canon_selecthdrs out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM up to 2.11.0. This affects the function dkim_canon_selecthdrs of the file libopendkim/dkim-canon.c of the component DKIM Signature Header Selection. Executing a manipulation of the argument h c…
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High 7.5
vm2 before 3.12.2 Memory Disclosure via zlib Buffer Pool
vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin…
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High 7.0
Ghidra through 12.1.4 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via leftshift128
Ghidra versions through 12.1.4 contain a stack-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the decompiler's leftshift128 function when processing negative shift amounts from p-code. Attackers can craft malicious binaries with specific instruction sequences tha…
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High 8.1
Systemic Missing Address Validation in SiP SMC Handlers
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Altera Trusted Firmware on HPS allows Exploitation of Improperly Configured or Implemented Memory Protections. This issue affects Trusted Firmware: through socfpga_v2.14.0.
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High 7.8
Gimp: gimp: out-of-bounds write in gimpressionist plugin via crafted preset file
A flaw was found in GIMP. When processing a specially crafted GIMPressionist preset file, the plug-in does not properly validate vector indices before writing into fixed-size arrays. This can lead to an out-of-bounds write, corrupting memory. An attacker coul…
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High 7.7
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability in jslGetTokenValueAsString() in Espruino 2v29 (commit bffc6d0) allows crafted Jav…
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High 7.3
Busybox: busybox: romfs volume id parsing performs unbounded memcpy into fixed-size label buffer, causing heap overflow
BusyBox romfs volume ID parsing uses unbounded strlen on attacker-controlled metadata, causing a heap buffer overflow when processing crafted filesystem images.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader DeviceN Colorspace Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the PDF rendering process of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader due to insufficient consistency and boundary validation when processing malformed color space data, which may cause the program to crash and potentially lead t…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader — Heap Buffer Overflow in WebP Image Decoding via Bitmap Stride Confusion
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s WebP image decoding due to improper handling of bitmap stride and target buffer formats. Successful exploitation could result in an application crash.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability While Rendering
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s rendering of Circle annotations with malformed Cloudy appearance streams in specially crafted PDF files. Insufficient validation of the appearance geometry can result in memory…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader PRC Stream Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s PRC parser due to insufficient validation of vertex indices in triangular fan texture meshes. Successful exploitation could result in memory corruption and an application crash.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader JPEG2000 Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader does not perform sufficient verification of the JPEG2000 image metadata in the PDF file, which leads to out-of-bounds write in the heap buffer during decoding, potentially causing the program to crash and introducing the risk of arbitr…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader U3D File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s U3D/GIF texture decoding path contained insufficient validation of image dimensions and related size information. Under certain conditions, this could lead to an incorrectly sized memory allocation and a subsequent out-of-bounds writ…
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High 8.5
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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High 8.8
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper validation of a specified quantity.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Bridge | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Bridge | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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High 7.4
Libslirp: libslirp: heap buffer overflow in dhcpv6/tftp response builders on small interface mtu
A heap-based buffer overflow was found in the DHCPv6 and TFTP response builders of libslirp. When the host is configured with a small interface MTU, a guest-supplied DHCPv6 CLIENTID option or TFTP blksize option can overflow the reply buffer with attacker-con…
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High 7.8
Missing user-pointer validation in tgpio_pin_read_ts_ec syscall handler allows arbitrary supervisor-memory write from userspace
The Time-aware GPIO syscall verification handler z_vrfy_tgpio_pin_read_ts_ec() in drivers/timeaware_gpio/timeaware_gpio_handlers.c validated only the port device object and passed the caller-supplied timestamp and event_count output pointers to the driver wit…
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High 7.5
An out-of-bounds read in the node_token_count/relation_token_count component of FalkorDB (Redis module) v4.20.1 to v4.2…
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High 7.0
Exim before 4.100.1, when Proxy-Protocol is used with an attacker-controlled proxy, has an out-of-bounds write.
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High 7.8
FluidSynth: Heap Buffer Overflow in MIDI Player
FluidSynth is a software synthesizer based on the SoundFont 2 specifications. From 2.2.4 until 2.5.6, configuring synth.midi-channels above 16 allows the MIDI player to index _fluid_player_t::channel_isplaying outside its fixed-size heap allocation while trac…
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High 7.4
libheif uncompressed tiled image encoding allows out-of-bounds write
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, when WITH_UNCOMPRESSED_CODEC is enabled, heif_context_add_image_tile() accepts an independently constructed tile whose component-plane dimensions do not match the tile geometry estab…
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High 7.6
OpenImageIO: TIFF 1-bit CMYK bit conversion heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.1.16.0, A crafted 1-bit contiguous cmyk tiff is exposed through a native uint1 imagespec, so callers allocate a bit-pa…
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High 8.3
OpenImageIO: Cineon invalid bit depth heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A crafted cineon image can declare unsupported component bit depth 26. cineoninpu…
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High 7.8
OpenImageIO: IFF ZBUFFER tile read writes past caller tile buffer
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A zbuffer-only tiled iff is exposed with a 16-bit public imagespec while the deco…
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High 8.1
IBM MQ queue manager is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution
IBM MQ could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow when processing malformed compressed data on channels configured with compression enabled.
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High 7.8
OpenImageIO OpenEXR plugin partial edge tile heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A valid tiled openexr image whose width is not a multiple of its tile width can t…
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High 8.2
Qemu-kvm: vapic writable rom alias can escape the option-rom window and expose locked smram
A flaw was found in QEMU. The VAPIC setup hypercall in hw/i386/vapic.c does not validate that the writable RAM alias remains within the option ROM window. A privileged guest user on a Q35/KVM machine can position this alias over locked SMRAM, bypassing chipse…
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High 8.8
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in some of the Ethernet switches because of improper validation of the user…
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High 7.5
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 Buffer Overflow in Snappy.compress
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in Snappy.compress(ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer) that writes past the end of the destination buffer. Attackers can supply incompressible data that exceeds the destination buffer's remaining capac…
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High 7.3
Hamlib: rigctld `send_raw` Stack Out-of-Bounds Write and Uninitialized Memory Disclosure
Hamlib is a ham radio control library for radios, rotators, and amplifiers. Prior to 4.7.2, the unauthenticated rigctld send_raw command on TCP port 4532 reaches rigctl_send_raw() in tests/rigctl_parse.c, which writes a NUL byte at buf[buf_len + 1] outside it…
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High 8.1
Heap overflow via oversized decrypted TLS record sequence in Windows Secure Channel stream
A heap-based buffer overflow exists in the TLS transport layer of the MongoDB C Driver when built with the Windows platform TLS backend. A remote endpoint that the client connects to can cause the driver to write uncontrolled data outside the bounds of a heap…
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High 7.8
SAIL: XBM X10 decoder writes 2 bytes per literal into a 1-byte-per-literal buffer (heap out-of-bounds write)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to 1.0.0, sail_codec_load_frame_v8_xbm() in src/sail-codecs/xbm/xbm.c allocates the decoded pixel buffer using the X11 one-byte-per-li…