Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
6,196 results · Feed
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High 8.8
Cisco FXOS and NX-OS Software Unidirectional Link Detection Denial of Service and Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
A vulnerability in the Unidirectional Link Detection (UDLD) feature of Cisco FXOS Software and Cisco NX-OS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrative privileges or cause a denial of service (DoS) c…
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High 8.8
OpenSLP as used in ESXi (7.0 before ESXi70U1c-17325551, 6.7 before ESXi670-202102401-SG, 6.5 before ESXi650-202102101-S…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in libebml before 1.4.2. A heap overflow bug exists in the implementation of EbmlString::ReadData and …
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Unscored —
Luxion KeyShot versions prior to 10.1, Luxion KeyShot Viewer versions prior to 10.1, Luxion KeyShot Network Rendering v…
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High 8.8
Integer Overflow in png-img
An integer overflow in the PngImg::InitStorage_() function of png-img before 3.1.0 leads to an under-allocation of heap memory and subsequently an exploitable heap-based buffer overflow when loading a crafted PNG file.
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Unscored —
Fuji Electric V-Server Lite
The affected Fuji Electric V-Server Lite versions prior to 3.3.24.0 are vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code.
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High 8.6
Hilscher: EtherNet/IP stack crash for specific CIP service
A denial of service and memory corruption vulnerability was found in Hilscher EtherNet/IP Core V2 prior to V2.13.0.21that may lead to code injection through network or make devices crash without recovery.
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High 7.5
Hilscher: Denial of Service vulnerability in PROFINET IO Device
A Denial of Service vulnerability was found in Hilscher PROFINET IO Device V3 in versions prior to V3.14.0.7. This may lead to unexpected loss of cyclic communication or interruption of acyclic communication.
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Reader 10.0.1.3…
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High 7.8
Adobe Illustrator Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Remote Code Execution
Adobe Illustrator version 25.1 (and earlier) is affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.…
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High 7.8
Adobe Illustrator Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Adobe Illustrator version 25.1 (and earlier) is affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.…
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High 7.8
Adobe Animate Out-of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Adobe Animate version 21.0.2 (and earlier) is affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue re…
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High 7.8
Adobe Photoshop Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Could Lead To Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.4 (and earlier) and 22.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by a Memory Corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution i…
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High 7.8
Adobe Photoshop Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Remote Code Execution
Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.4 (and earlier) and 22.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. …
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Could Lead to Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by a Memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted PDF file. An unauthenticated attacker could leve…
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by a Memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted PDF file. An unauthenticated attacker could leve…
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Could Lead to Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by a Memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted PDF file. An unauthenticated attacker could leve…
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Memory Corruption Vulnerability Could Lead to Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by a Memory corruption vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted PDF file. An unauthenticated attacker could leve…
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted jpeg file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage t…
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High 8.8
Acrobat Reader DC Use-After-Free Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by a Use After Free vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary …
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High 7.8
Acrobat Reader DC Out-Of-Bounds Write Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability when parsing a crafted jpeg file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage t…
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Low 3.3
Acrobat Reader DC Buffer Overflow Vulnerability Could Lead To Arbitrary Code Execution
Acrobat Reader DC versions versions 2020.013.20074 (and earlier), 2020.001.30018 (and earlier) and 2017.011.30188 (and earlier) are affected by an memory corruption vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to cause an appli…
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Critical 9.8
Out of bounds write in calamine
An issue was discovered in the calamine crate before 0.17.0 for Rust. It allows attackers to overwrite heap-memory locations because Vec::set_len is used without proper memory claiming, and this uninitialized memory is used for a user-provided Read operation,…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in JT2Go (All versions < V13.1.0.1), Teamcenter Visualization (All versions < V13.1…
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High 8.8
Heap buffer overflow in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 88.0.4324.150 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit hea…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Critical 9.1
PyCA Cryptography symmetrically encrypting large values can lead to integer overflow
In the cryptography package before 3.3.2 for Python, certain sequences of update calls to symmetrically encrypt multi-GB values could result in an integer overflow and buffer overflow, as demonstrated by the Fernet class.
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High 7.0
Buffer Overflow in gitea
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in gitea 1.9.0 through 1.13.1 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) via vectors related to a file path.
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High 8.8CVE-2020-13580 EPSS 71%
An exploitable heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the PlanMaker document parsing functionality of SoftM…
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Unscored —
A missing bounds check in WhatsApp for Android prior to v2.21.1.13 and WhatsApp Business for Android prior to v2.21.1.1…
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Unscored —
Multiple out-of-bounds write issues have been identified in the way the application processes project files, allowing a…
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Unscored —
TPEditor (v1.98 and prior) is vulnerable to two out-of-bounds write instances in the way it processes project files, al…
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Medium 4.7
Data races in reffers
An issue was discovered in the reffers crate through 2020-12-01 for Rust. ARefss can contain a !Send,!Sync object, leading to a data race and memory corruption.