Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
6,196 results · Feed
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Reader 10.1.1.3…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Reader 10.1.1.3…
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Unscored —
An out-of-bounds (OOB) memory write flaw was found in list_devices in drivers/md/dm-ioctl.c in the Multi-device driver …
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel in versions before 5.12. The value of internal.ndata, in the KVM API, is mapped to…
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High 8.6
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Web Services VPN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. These vulnerabilities …
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High 8.6
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Web Services VPN Denial of Service Vulnerabilities
Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device. These vulnerabilities …
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit Studio Photo 3.…
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Unscored —CVE-2021-20294 Public exploit
A flaw was found in binutils readelf 2.35 program. An attacker who is able to convince a victim using readelf to read a…
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Unscored —
CNCSoft-B Versions 1.0.0.3 and prior is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an attacker to execute ar…
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High 8.8
Insufficient validation of untrusted input in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 89.0.4389.128 allowed a remote attacker to p…
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2020 (All versions < SE2020MP13), Solid Edge SE2020 (All versions <…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in Tecnomatix RobotExpert (All versions < V16.1). Affected applications lack proper…
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High 8.1
A vulnerability has been identified in APOGEE PXC Compact (BACnet) (All versions < V3.5.5), APOGEE PXC Compact (P2 Ethe…
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High 7.8
Adobe Bridge TTF Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability could lead to arbitrary code execution
Adobe Bridge versions 10.1.1 (and earlier) and 11.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds write vulnerability when parsing a crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the cont…
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High 7.8
Adobe Bridge PDF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write vulnerability could lead to arbitrary code execution
Adobe Bridge versions 10.1.1 (and earlier) and 11.0.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds write vulnerability when parsing a specially crafted file. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution i…
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High 7.8
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
Unscored —
A missing bounds check within the audio decoding pipeline for WhatsApp calls in WhatsApp for Android prior to v2.21.3, …
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High 7.5
Out of bounds write in arenavec
An issue was discovered in the arenavec crate through 2021-01-12 for Rust. A drop of uninitialized memory can sometimes occur upon a panic in T::default().
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High 7.3
Out of bounds write in stackvector
An issue was discovered in the stackvector crate through 2021-02-19 for Rust. There is an out-of-bounds write in StackVec::extend if size_hint provides certain anomalous data.
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High 7.3
Out of bounds write in reorder
An issue was discovered in the reorder crate through 2021-02-24 for Rust. swap_index has an out-of-bounds write if an iterator returns a len() that is too small.
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High 7.8
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PhantomPDF 10.1…
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High 8.8
This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.0.1-…
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Medium 5.5
TOBESOFT XPLATFORM Out-of-Bounds Read/Write Vulnerabilities
An outbound read/write vulnerability exists in XPLATFORM that does not check offset input ranges, allowing out-of-range data to be read. An attacker can exploit arbitrary code execution.
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High 7.5
Out-of-bounds Write in Pillow
An issue was discovered in Pillow before 8.1.1. In TiffDecode.c, there is a negative-offset memcpy with an invalid size.
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Critical 9.8
Out of bounds write in Pillow
An issue was discovered in Pillow before 8.1.1. TiffDecode has a heap-based buffer overflow when decoding crafted YCbCr files because of certain interpretation conflicts with LibTIFF in RGBA mode. NOTE: this issue exists because of an incomplete fix for CVE-2…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2020 (All versions < SE2020MP13), Solid Edge SE2021 (All Versions <…
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Unscored —
A vulnerability has been identified in Solid Edge SE2020 (All versions < SE2020MP13), Solid Edge SE2021 (All Versions <…
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High 7.8
Adobe Animate memory corruption vulnerability
Adobe Animate version 21.0.3 (and earlier) is affected by a Memory Corruption vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requi…
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High 7.8
Adobe Photoshop CoolType arbitrary stack manipulation in Type 1/Multiple Master
Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.5 (and earlier) and 22.2 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in the CoolType library. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context…
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Unscored —
A heap-based buffer overflow flaw was found in libtiff in the handling of TIFF images in libtiff's TIFF2PDF tool. A spe…
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Unscored —CVE-2021-20233 Public exploit
A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. Setparam_prefix() in the menu rendering code performs a length cal…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. The option parser allows an attacker to write past the end of a he…
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Unscored —
A flaw was found in grub2 in versions prior to 2.06. During USB device initialization, descriptors are read with very l…
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Unscored —
Fatek FvDesigner Version 1.5.76 and prior is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write while processing project files, allow…
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Critical 9.0
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in synoagentregisterd in Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM) before 6.2.3-25426-3 allo…
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High 7.8
Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
Windows Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
KEV Nov 3, 2021 -
High 7.8
Adobe Bridge Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
Adobe Bridge version 11.0 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability when parsing TTF files that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a…
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High 7.8
Adobe Bridge Font Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Arbitrary Code Execution Vulnerability
Adobe Bridge version 11.0 (and earlier) is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability when parsing TTF files that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a…