Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
6,159 results · Feed
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High 7.8
Out-of-bounds write in the ADI MAX32 ADC driver due to incorrect adc_sequence buffer size validation
The ADC API requires each driver to reject a sampling sequence whose destination buffer is too small: the buffer_size field of struct adc_sequence in include/zephyr/drivers/adc.h documents that "the driver must ensure that samples are not written beyond the l…
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High 7.8
Out-of-bounds write in the NXP MCUX LPADC ADC driver due to missing adc_sequence buffer size validation
The ADC API requires each driver to reject a sampling sequence whose destination buffer is too small: the buffer_size field of struct adc_sequence in include/zephyr/drivers/adc.h documents that "the driver must ensure that samples are not written beyond the l…
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High 7.8
Missing write validation of user-supplied handle pointer in the RTIO syscall verifier allows arbitrary kernel write
The userspace verifier z_vrfy_rtio_sqe_copy_in_get_handles() in subsys/rtio/rtio_syscalls.c (subsys/rtio/rtio_handlers.c before v4.3.0) validated the RTIO object handle and the sqes input array, but not the handle out-parameter. On the first loop iteration it…
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High 7.8
VxWorks 7
Wind River VxWorks 7 prior to 26.09, specific system call arguments can result in memory corruption within the memory management subsystem. Fixed in Version 26.09
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High 8.8
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.11 and iPadOS…
KEV Sep 29, 2026 -
High 7.3
Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM DKIM Signature Header Selection dkim-canon.c dkim_canon_selecthdrs out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in Trusted Domain Project OpenDKIM up to 2.11.0. This affects the function dkim_canon_selecthdrs of the file libopendkim/dkim-canon.c of the component DKIM Signature Header Selection. Executing a manipulation of the argument h c…
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High 7.5
vm2 before 3.12.2 Memory Disclosure via zlib Buffer Pool
vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin…
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Critical 9.9CVE-2026-100740 Public exploit
D-Link DIR-895L L2TP Control Channel tunnel.c tunnel_set_params out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DIR-895L A1_102b07. Impacted is the function tunnel_set_params of the file tunnel.c of the component L2TP Control Channel Parser. Performing a manipulation results in out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remo…
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High 7.0
Ghidra through 12.1.4 Stack-based Buffer Overflow via leftshift128
Ghidra versions through 12.1.4 contain a stack-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability in the decompiler's leftshift128 function when processing negative shift amounts from p-code. Attackers can craft malicious binaries with specific instruction sequences tha…
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Medium 6.8
Out-of-bounds write in the kitty text sizing protocol allows termination of the terminal process
Out-of-bounds Write in the natural width branch of the text sizing protocol in kitty from 0.40.0 before 0.49.0 allows a program writing to the terminal to write past the end of a fixed-size buffer, because screen_handle_multicell_command() in kitty/screen.c a…
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Medium 5.7
Botslab G980H Dashcams Out-of-bounds Write
The Botslab G980H dash camera firmware contains an out of bounds write vulnerability in its command processing functionality. An authenticated attacker with adjacent network access could submit crafted command data that corrupts memory, potentially disrupting…
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Medium 6.5
Heap buffer overflow via mid-scan command list growth in client topology monitoring
An out-of-bounds write in the connection-monitoring logic of the MongoDB C Driver may allow an unauthenticated party who controls name resolution and the responses of the hosts named in a client's connection string to write beyond the end of a heap buffer. Th…
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High 8.1
Systemic Missing Address Validation in SiP SMC Handlers
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in Altera Trusted Firmware on HPS allows Exploitation of Improperly Configured or Implemented Memory Protections. This issue affects Trusted Firmware: through socfpga_v2.14.0.
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High 7.8
Gimp: gimp: out-of-bounds write in gimpressionist plugin via crafted preset file
A flaw was found in GIMP. When processing a specially crafted GIMPressionist preset file, the plug-in does not properly validate vector indices before writing into fixed-size arrays. This can lead to an out-of-bounds write, corrupting memory. An attacker coul…
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Critical 9.8
D-Link DIR-825 rp-l2tp tunnel.c tunnel_set_params out-of-bounds write
A vulnerability was identified in D-Link DIR-825 3.00b32. Affected is the function tunnel_set_params of the file tunnel.c of the component rp-l2tp. The manipulation of the argument peer_hostname leads to out-of-bounds write. The attack may be initiated remot…
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Critical 9.8
QuickJS commit 04be24600 contains a heap out-of-bounds write condition in JS_ReadFunctionTag().
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High 7.7
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability in jslGetTokenValueAsString() in Espruino 2v29 (commit bffc6d0) allows crafted Jav…
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Medium 6.7
Busybox: busybox: passwd/group parser writes heap pointers out of bounds due to stale tokenize() endpoint
BusyBox passwd/group tokenize() references a stale endpoint pointer after trimming, causing an out-of-bounds write of heap pointers.
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High 7.3
Busybox: busybox: romfs volume id parsing performs unbounded memcpy into fixed-size label buffer, causing heap overflow
BusyBox romfs volume ID parsing uses unbounded strlen on attacker-controlled metadata, causing a heap buffer overflow when processing crafted filesystem images.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader DeviceN Colorspace Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in the PDF rendering process of Foxit PDF Editor/Reader due to insufficient consistency and boundary validation when processing malformed color space data, which may cause the program to crash and potentially lead t…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader — Heap Buffer Overflow in WebP Image Decoding via Bitmap Stride Confusion
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s WebP image decoding due to improper handling of bitmap stride and target buffer formats. Successful exploitation could result in an application crash.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader Out-of-bounds Write Vulnerability While Rendering
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s rendering of Circle annotations with malformed Cloudy appearance streams in specially crafted PDF files. Insufficient validation of the appearance geometry can result in memory…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader PRC Stream Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
A heap-based out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s PRC parser due to insufficient validation of vertex indices in triangular fan texture meshes. Successful exploitation could result in memory corruption and an application crash.
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader JPEG2000 Parsing Memory Corruption Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader does not perform sufficient verification of the JPEG2000 image metadata in the PDF file, which leads to out-of-bounds write in the heap buffer during decoding, potentially causing the program to crash and introducing the risk of arbitr…
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High 7.8
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader U3D File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Foxit PDF Editor/Reader’s U3D/GIF texture decoding path contained insufficient validation of image dimensions and related size information. Under certain conditions, this could lead to an incorrectly sized memory allocation and a subsequent out-of-bounds writ…
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High 8.5
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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High 8.8
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) is Impacted by Multiple Vulnerabilities
IBM Financial Transaction Manager (FTM) for RedHat OpenShift could allow a remote authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to improper validation of a specified quantity.
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Critical 9.8
Out-of-bounds write in lwIP TCP/IP Stack MQTT Client Application
lwIP TCP/IP Stack MQTT is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write, which may allow an attacker to gain full code execution on the device.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Substance3D - Modeler | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Substance3D - Modeler is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Bridge | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.8
Bridge | Out-of-bounds Write (CWE-787)
Bridge is affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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High 7.5
A malicious actor with access to the network could exploit an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability found in certain UniFi …
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Medium 6.9
Off-by-one Error, Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries) allows Overflow Buffers.
Off-by-one Error, Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in RTI Connext Professional (Core Libraries) allows Overflow Buffers. This issue affects Connext Professional: from 7.4.0 before 7.7.0.1, from 7.0.0 before 7.3.1.6.
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Medium 6.5
Netdata: Streaming protocol dimension slot has no upper-bound guard, allowing integer overflow and out-of-bounds write
Netdata is an open source observability tool. Prior to 2.10.4, an authenticated child agent can send an oversized DIMENSION SLOT value that str2ull_encoded passes to pluginsd_rrddim_put_to_slot in src/plugins.d/pluginsd_internals.h without an upper bound. prd…
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Medium 5.5
radare2: Integer overflow causes heap out-of-bounds write in radare2 PYC parser
radare2 is a UNIX-like reverse engineering framework and command-line toolset. Prior to 6.2.0, radare2's CPython bytecode .pyc marshal parser was vulnerable because the CPython marshal readers accepted a 32-bit string length without rejecting values that over…
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Medium 5.4
Stack buffer overflow in CFF to Type 1 font conversion
LibreOffice converts CFF fonts to Type 1 when it subsets a font, which happens when a document is exported to PDF, and CFF fonts may be embedded in documents. A stack buffer overflow existed in that conversion. The converted operators were written into a fixe…