Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
6,159 results · Feed
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Medium 5.4
Stack buffer overflow in CFF font hint handling
LibreOffice can read CFF fonts, which may be embedded in documents. A stack buffer overflow existed when reading the hints of a glyph. The number of hints was checked against the wrong bound, so a glyph declaring more hints than the array can hold wrote past …
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Medium 5.4
Heap buffer overflow in PDF import stream handling
LibreOffice Draw can import PDF documents. A heap buffer overflow existed when importing a stream object. The length of the stream was taken from the object's own dictionary and was not checked against the number of bytes actually present, so copying the stre…
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Medium 5.4
Heap buffer overflow in PDF import encryption handling
LibreOffice Draw can import PDF documents. A heap buffer overflow existed when importing an encrypted document. The length of the decryption key was taken from the document's own encryption dictionary and was used to fill a fixed size key buffer without being…
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Medium 5.4
Heap buffer overflow in WMF text record import
LibreOffice can import WMF graphics, which may be embedded in documents. A heap buffer overflow existed when importing a text record that carries its own character advance widths. The count of advance values and the length of the text were read separately fro…
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High 7.4
Libslirp: libslirp: heap buffer overflow in dhcpv6/tftp response builders on small interface mtu
A heap-based buffer overflow was found in the DHCPv6 and TFTP response builders of libslirp. When the host is configured with a small interface MTU, a guest-supplied DHCPv6 CLIENTID option or TFTP blksize option can overflow the reply buffer with attacker-con…
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High 7.8
Missing user-pointer validation in tgpio_pin_read_ts_ec syscall handler allows arbitrary supervisor-memory write from userspace
The Time-aware GPIO syscall verification handler z_vrfy_tgpio_pin_read_ts_ec() in drivers/timeaware_gpio/timeaware_gpio_handlers.c validated only the port device object and passed the caller-supplied timestamp and event_count output pointers to the driver wit…
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Medium 4.1
Usbredir: usbredir: unbounded iso_packet_desc[] index in usbredirhost_iso_packet() leads to heap out-of-bounds write
An out-of-bounds write flaw was found in usbredir. Starting an isochronous OUT stream with a transfer count of 1 leaves the stream's single transfer buffer permanently unsubmitted, defeating the bounds check in usbredirhost_iso_packet() and allowing a usbredi…
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Medium 6.0
Out-of-bounds write in the Intel SEDI IPM driver from an unvalidated inbound doorbell length
The Intel SEDI IPM (inter-processor mailbox) driver in drivers/ipm/ipm_sedi.c handles an inbound message interrupt in ipm_event_dispose(). It read the peer-written doorbell register, extracted the payload length with IPC_HEADER_GET_LENGTH(), and passed that l…
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Critical 9.2
Fluent Bit: Remote stack buffer overflow in Fluent Bit `out_forward` Secure-Forward `PONG` handler
Fluent Bit is a fast and lightweight logs, metrics, and traces processor for Linux, BSD, macOS, and Windows. From 0.11.0 until 5.0.8, plugins/out_forward/forward.c secure_forward_pong copies the server-controlled PONG[2] reason into the 32-byte stack buffer m…
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High 7.5
An out-of-bounds read in the node_token_count/relation_token_count component of FalkorDB (Redis module) v4.20.1 to v4.2…
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High 7.0
Exim before 4.100.1, when Proxy-Protocol is used with an attacker-controlled proxy, has an out-of-bounds write.
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Low 2.3
In Vinyl Cache before 9.0,2, workspace buffer overflow vulnerability was found in the .upper() and .lower() string type…
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High 7.8
FluidSynth: Heap Buffer Overflow in MIDI Player
FluidSynth is a software synthesizer based on the SoundFont 2 specifications. From 2.2.4 until 2.5.6, configuring synth.midi-channels above 16 allows the MIDI player to index _fluid_player_t::channel_isplaying outside its fixed-size heap allocation while trac…
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Medium 6.5
Out of bounds write in PDP ctx GSN-Address decode
In osmo-ggsn 1.14.0 an out of bounds write issue was found in the gtp_decode_pdp_ctx() function through the PDP context GSN-Address sub-field, leading to memory corruption.
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Medium 6.9CVE-2026-77396 Public exploit
PJSIP: Heap buffer overflow in the AVI parser
PJSIP is a free and open source multimedia communication library written in C. In 2.17 and earlier, the PJSIP AVI parser in pjmedia/src/pjmedia/avi_player.c uses an input-file video chunk length as the number of bytes copied into a frame buffer whose capacity…
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High 7.4
libheif uncompressed tiled image encoding allows out-of-bounds write
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. Prior to 1.23.2, when WITH_UNCOMPRESSED_CODEC is enabled, heif_context_add_image_tile() accepts an independently constructed tile whose component-plane dimensions do not match the tile geometry estab…
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Critical 9.8CVE-2026-84383 Public exploit
libheif: Heap buffer overflow in `scale_nearest_neighbor()` via duplicate Alpha planes from nested `iden`/`auxl` items
libheif is a HEIF and AVIF file format decoder and encoder. From 1.22.0 until 1.23.2, a crafted HEIF, HEIC, or AVIF item graph using nested iden and auxl references can make HeifPixelImage::transfer_channel_from_image_as() append duplicate Alpha planes with d…
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High 7.6
OpenImageIO: TIFF 1-bit CMYK bit conversion heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.1.16.0, A crafted 1-bit contiguous cmyk tiff is exposed through a native uint1 imagespec, so callers allocate a bit-pa…
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High 8.3
OpenImageIO: Cineon invalid bit depth heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A crafted cineon image can declare unsupported component bit depth 26. cineoninpu…
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High 7.8
OpenImageIO: IFF ZBUFFER tile read writes past caller tile buffer
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A zbuffer-only tiled iff is exposed with a 16-bit public imagespec while the deco…
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High 8.1
IBM MQ queue manager is vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution
IBM MQ could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service or execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow when processing malformed compressed data on channels configured with compression enabled.
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High 7.8
OpenImageIO OpenEXR plugin partial edge tile heap out-of-bounds write
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.21.0, 3.1.16.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A valid tiled openexr image whose width is not a multiple of its tile width can t…
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Medium 6.1
OpenImageIO: Stack buffer overflow in OpenImageIO Cineon reader via unchecked numberOfElements
OpenImageIO is a toolset for reading, writing, and manipulating image files of any image file format relevant to VFX / animation. Prior to 3.0.20.0, 3.1.15.0, and 3.2.0.3-beta1, A crafted cineon file can supply a numberofelements value greater than the format…
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High 8.2
Qemu-kvm: vapic writable rom alias can escape the option-rom window and expose locked smram
A flaw was found in QEMU. The VAPIC setup hypercall in hw/i386/vapic.c does not validate that the writable RAM alias remains within the option ROM window. A privileged guest user on a Q35/KVM machine can position this alias over locked SMRAM, bypassing chipse…
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High 8.8
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability exists in some of the Ethernet switches because of improper validation of the user…
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High 7.5
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 Buffer Overflow in Snappy.compress
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in Snappy.compress(ByteBuffer, ByteBuffer) that writes past the end of the destination buffer. Attackers can supply incompressible data that exceeds the destination buffer's remaining capac…
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Medium 6.5
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 Buffer Overflow via typed uncompress methods
snappy-java through 1.1.10.8 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability in typed Snappy.uncompress*Array methods that allocate output arrays by dividing uncompressed length by element size but pass the undivided length to native code. Attackers controlling comp…
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High 7.3
Hamlib: rigctld `send_raw` Stack Out-of-Bounds Write and Uninitialized Memory Disclosure
Hamlib is a ham radio control library for radios, rotators, and amplifiers. Prior to 4.7.2, the unauthenticated rigctld send_raw command on TCP port 4532 reaches rigctl_send_raw() in tests/rigctl_parse.c, which writes a NUL byte at buf[buf_len + 1] outside it…
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Critical 9.1
Imager::File::PNG versions from 1.003 before 1.004 for Perl write past the end of the row buffer reading a PNG with a tRNS transparency chunk in read_direct8
Imager::File::PNG versions from 1.003 before 1.004 for Perl write past the end of the row buffer reading a PNG with a tRNS transparency chunk in read_direct8. With a tRNS chunk, read_direct8() adds an alpha channel to the image it creates but still sizes the …
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High 8.1
Heap overflow via oversized decrypted TLS record sequence in Windows Secure Channel stream
A heap-based buffer overflow exists in the TLS transport layer of the MongoDB C Driver when built with the Windows platform TLS backend. A remote endpoint that the client connects to can cause the driver to write uncontrolled data outside the bounds of a heap…
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High 7.8
SAIL: XBM X10 decoder writes 2 bytes per literal into a 1-byte-per-literal buffer (heap out-of-bounds write)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to 1.0.0, sail_codec_load_frame_v8_xbm() in src/sail-codecs/xbm/xbm.c allocates the decoded pixel buffer using the X11 one-byte-per-li…
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Critical 9.8
SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, psd_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/psd/helpers.c resolves a one-channel PSD in Bitmap color mode to S…
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Critical 9.8
SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXE…
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Medium 6.3
BlueKitchen BTstack through 1.8.2 A2DP SEP Discovery Out-of-Bounds Write
BlueKitchen BTstack through 1.8.2 fails to validate the peer-reported endpoint count against table bounds in A2DP stream endpoint discovery. A bonded peer can send an AVDTP DISCOVER response with more endpoints than the fixed table holds, causing out-of-bound…
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Medium 6.3
vgmstream EA SCHl parser vadpcm_decoder.c vadpcm_read_coefs_be out-of-bounds write
A weakness has been identified in vgmstream up to r2117. Impacted is the function vadpcm_read_coefs_be of the file src/coding/vadpcm_decoder.c of the component EA SCHl parser. This manipulation of the argument entry/entries causes out-of-bounds write. Remote …
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High 7.8
Out-of-bounds Write in DSP Service
Memory corruption when processing escape handling flow with insufficient user buffer sizes.
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High 7.8
Out-of-bounds Write in Video
Memory Corruption when processing data with large offset and length values exceeds buffer limits during data copy operations.
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High 7.8
Out-of-bounds Write in Video
Memory corruption when processing decode statistics due to insufficient validation of offset against structure size.
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High 7.8
LightGBM through 4.7.0 Out-of-Bounds Write via Crafted Model
LightGBM through 4.7.0 fails to validate child and split array values when parsing text models, allowing attackers to write out-of-bounds memory during SHAP prediction. Attackers can craft malicious model files with invalid node references that trigger out-of…
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High 7.0CVE-2026-91097 Public exploit
HP Linux Imaging and Printing (HPLIP) Software– Multiple Vulnerabilities
HP has identified and remediated multiple externally reported vulnerabilities within HPLIP. The findings affect several software components that could potentially enable remote code execution, privilege escalation, denial of service, information disclosure, o…