Weakness (CWE)
CWE-787: Out-of-bounds Write
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
How to prevent it (7 mitigations)
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Requirements
Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
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Architecture and Design
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
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Implementation
Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
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Operation, Build and Compilation
Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
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Operation
Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
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Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
Source: MITRE CWE-787
6,159 results · Feed
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Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack-based buffer overflow.
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Medium 5.3
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to a buffer overflow.
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High 8.3
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a heap buffer overflow.
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High 7.7
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the system due to an out-of-bounds write.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an integer underflow.
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Medium 6.5
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to an out-of-bounds write.
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Medium 6.7
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local authenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a heap-based buffer overflow.
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High 7.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges due to a heap buffer overflow.
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Medium 6.7
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack-based buffer overflow.
-
High 8.2
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a heap-based buffer overflow.
-
High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a buffer overflow.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges due to a heap-based buffer overflow.
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High 7.5
tor before 0.4.9.9 was prone to an out-of-bounds write when parsing a consensus or detached signature with unexpected s…
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Medium 5.3
msgpack-c Integer Overflow in msgpack_unpacker_expand_buffer Causes a False-Success Undersized Reservation
msgpack_unpacker_expand_buffer in src/unpack.c, reached through the public msgpack_unpacker_reserve_buffer API, computes its new buffer size using an unchecked size_t addition of the requested size and the amount already used. The doubling loop guards its own…
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High 7.8
darknet Integer Overflow in Convolutional Layer Buffer Sizing Leads to Heap Buffer Overflow
hank-ai/darknet sizes a convolutional layer's weight and output heap buffers by multiplying configuration fields taken from a .cfg file in unchecked 32-bit int arithmetic. In src-lib/convolutional_layer.cpp, l.nweights is computed as (c / groups) * n * size *…
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High 7.0
Libevent: Off-by-one stack buffer overflow in dnsname_to_labels via crafted DNS server response
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has an off-by-one stack buffer overflow in evdns.c when dnsname_to_labels formats a name-bearing DNS record at the end of the 64 KB stack buffer allocated by evdns_server_req…
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High 8.4
Libevent: Heap out-of-bounds write in bufferevent_socket_set_conn_address_ reachable via AF_UNIX accept
Libevent is an event notification library. Prior to 2.1.13 and 2.2.2-alpha, libevent has a heap out-of-bounds write in bufferevent_sock.c when bufferevent_socket_set_conn_address_ copies a kernel-supplied AF_UNIX peer address into bufferevent_private.conn_add…
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Medium 6.6
SumatraPDF: Heap out-of-bounds write in vendored CHMLib LZX Huffman table construction reachable from crafted CHM files
SumatraPDF is a multi-format reader for Windows. In 3.6.1 and earlier, a crafted CHM file can supply malformed LZX Huffman code lengths to make_decode_table in ext/CHMLib/lzx.c. In the long-code branch, the function writes new internal nodes through next_symb…
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High 7.8
GStreamer MRF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
GStreamer MRF File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of GStreamer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that…
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High 7.8
OriginLab Origin Viewer OPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
OriginLab Origin Viewer OPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OriginLab Origin Viewer. User interaction is required to exploi…
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High 7.8
OriginLab OriginPro OGG File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
OriginLab OriginPro OGG File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OriginLab OriginPro. User interaction is required to exploit this v…
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High 7.8
OriginLab OriginPro OPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
OriginLab OriginPro OPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OriginLab OriginPro. User interaction is required to exploit this v…
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High 7.8
OriginLab OriginPro OPJU File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
OriginLab OriginPro OPJU File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of OriginLab OriginPro. User interaction is required to exploit this …
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Medium 6.8
Kenwood DNR1007XR tchdr_bytestream_read Out-Of-Bounds Write Code Execution Vulnerability
Kenwood DNR1007XR tchdr_bytestream_read Out-Of-Bounds Write Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows physically present attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kenwood DNR1007XR devices. Authentication is not required t…
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High 8.4
Out-of-bounds write in GraphicsMagick PCD decoder
A heap out-of-bounds write exists in the Photo CD (PCD) decoder of GraphicsMagick. In DecodeImage() (coders/pcd.c), the Huffman delta loop advances its output pointer with q++ after every decoded delta and never checks it against the end of the heap-allocated…
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Medium 4.7
Out-of-bounds Write in Wireshark
3gpp phone log file parser crash in 4.6.0 to 4.6.7 and 4.4.0 to 4.4.18 allows denial of service
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High 7.5
Out-of-bounds Write in Wireshark
RRC protocol dissector crash in 4.6.0 to 4.6.7 and 4.4.0 to 4.4.18 allows denial of service
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Medium 5.3
Out-of-bounds stack write in the settings NVS backend from over-reported nvs_read length
The NVS backend of the Zephyr settings subsystem (subsys/settings/src/settings_nvs.c) reads stored setting-name entries into fixed 74-byte stack buffers and NUL-terminates them with buf[rc] = '\0', where rc is the return value of nvs_read(). Per its contract,…
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High 8.8
Stack buffer overflow in Zephyr hl7800 modem driver parsing network-supplied +CGCONTRDP address fields
The HL7800 cellular modem driver's +CGCONTRDP: response handler on_cmd_atcmdinfo_ipaddr() in drivers/modem/vendor_standalone/hl7800.c parses the PDP-context dynamic parameters (local address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS servers) that the cellular network as…
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High 8.1
Out-of-bounds write in IPv6 6LoWPAN Context Option handling via unauthenticated Router Advertisement
The IPv6 neighbor-discovery code in subsys/net/ip/ipv6_nbr.c processes the 6LoWPAN Context Option (6CO, RFC 6775) carried inside ICMPv6 Router Advertisements. In handle_ra_6co() the 8-bit context_len field is taken directly from the packet and was never bound…
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Medium 6.7
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write.
-
Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack buffer overflow.
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Critical 9.6
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service due to an out-of-bounds write.
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High 8.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to an out-of-bounds write.
-
Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack buffer overflow.
-
Medium 4.3
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial of service due to an out-of-bounds write.
-
High 7.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to achieve local privilege escalation due to an out-of-bounds write.
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High 7.5
Power System Out-of-bounds Write
IBM PowerVM Hypervisor FW1120.00, FW1110.00 through FW1110.30, FW1060.00 through FW1060.80, and FW950.00 through FW950.H2 Power Systems Firmware is affected by a vulnerability in partition firmware during network boot. An unauthenticated attacker on the same …
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Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack buffer overflow.
-
Critical 9.8
Vulnerabilities in IBM AIX and PowerVM VIOS
IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code due to a stack buffer overflow.